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EC number: 295-463-0 | CAS number: 92045-80-2 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by subjecting a liquified petroleum gas mix to a sweetening process to oxidize mercaptans or to remove acidic impurities. It consists predominantly of C4 saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 12 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 6.91 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 12 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Benzene 12 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 18 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 11 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 18 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for But-1 -ene is 18 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 16 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 9.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 16 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for But-2 -ene, cis- is 16 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 16 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 9.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 16 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for But-2 -ene, trans- is 16 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 10 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 4.7 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 10 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Buta-1 ,3 -diene is 10 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 37 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 29 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 37 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Butane is 37 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 6.9 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 2.8 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 6.9 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Carbon Monoxide is 6.9 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 7.2 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 3.2 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 7.2 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Ethane is 7.2 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 2.6 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 1 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 2.6 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Ethene [aka Ethylene] is 2.6 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 2.4 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 0.9 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 2.4 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Methane is 2.4 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 6.8 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 3 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 6.8 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Prop-1 -ene is 6.8 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 16 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 10 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 16 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Prop-1 -ene, 2 -methyl- is 16 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 17 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 10 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 17 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Propane is 17 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 31 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 22 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 31 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Propane, 2 -methyl- is 31 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Episuite and the BCFBAF models are well documented and commonly used QSARs for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Substances within LOA fall within the applicability domain of these models and they have been recommended by ECHA in the Information Requirement Guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Formerly called BCFWIN, the BCFBAF program estimates fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) and its logarithm using two different methods. The first is the traditional regression based on log KOW plus any applicable correction factors. The second is the Arnot-Gobas method, which calculates BCF from mechanistic first principles. BCFBAF also incorporates prediction of apparent metabolism half-life in fish, and estimates BCF and BAF for three trophic levels. The program is based on methodologies developed by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). A 5% lipid normalisation has been used for the Arnot-Gobas method BCF values, as recommended in OECD TG 305.
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 80 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: Regression based estimation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Key result
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- 69 L/kg
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: BCF Arno-Gobas method (upper trophic) (5% lipid normalisation)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Result from QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The predicted BCF for this constituent is 80 L/kg (highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
- Executive summary:
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology descrived by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF for Pentane is 80 L/kg ( highest value of the Arnot-Gobas (upper trophic with 5% lipid normalisation) and the regression-based estimates).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
BCF have been predicted for all the representative costituents. The predicted BCF values range from 0.9 to 80 L/kg ww. Of the 15 constituents, no one has a BCF value of greater than 2000 L/kg ww. It is not feasible to perform simulation tests on complex, volatile UVCBs.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of representative constituents of this category has been predicted using the EPISUITE v4.11 BCFBAF (2017) model, which uses methodology described by Arnot-Gobas et al. (2003, 2006, 2008). The predicted BCF values range from 0.9 to 80 L/kg ww. Of the 15 constituents, no one has a BCF value of greater than 2000 L/kg ww.
Constituent Name | CAS No. | BCF Upper Trophic Arnot Gobas (5% Lipid normalisation) (L/Kg ww) | BCF Regression model (L/Kg ww) |
Benzene | 000071-43-2 | 6.91 | 12 |
But-1-ene | 000106-98-9 | 11 | 18 |
But-2-ene, cis- | 000590-18-1 | 9.4 | 16 |
But-2-ene, trans- | 000624-64-6 | 9.4 | 16 |
Buta-1,3-diene | 000106-99-0 | 4.7 | 10 |
Butane | 000106-97-8 | 29 | 37 |
Carbon Monoxide | 000630-08-0 | 2.8 | 6.9 |
Ethane | 000074-84-0 | 3.2 | 7.2 |
Ethene [aka Ethylene] | 000074-85-1 | 1.0 | 2.6 |
Methane | 000074-82-8 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
Pentane | 000109-66-0 | 69 | 80 |
Prop-1-ene | 000115-07-1 | 3.0 | 6.8 |
Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- | 000115-11-7 | 10 | 16 |
Propane | 000074-98-6 | 10 | 17 |
Propane, 2-methyl- | 000075-28-5 | 22 | 31 |
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