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EC number: 202-603-6 | CAS number: 97-72-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 987
- Report date:
- 1987
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ; no special functional observations
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- no guideline stated, but study design is comparable to the procedure of OECD test guideline 408 (Repeated dose 90-day Oral Toxicity in Rodents)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-methylpropan-1-ol
- EC Number:
- 201-148-0
- EC Name:
- 2-methylpropan-1-ol
- Cas Number:
- 78-83-1
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylpropan-1-ol
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): isobutyl alcohol, isobutanol
- Analytical purity: no data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): no data
- Lot/batch No.: AM 307, purchased from American Scientific Products, Romulus, MI, USA
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories Inc., Portage, MI, USA
- Age at study initiation: 22 - 23 days
- Weight at study initiation: 45-55 g
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: individually in wire-bottom cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Certified Rodent Laboratory Chow No. 5002 (pellet)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): filtered municipal water
- Acclimation period: 7days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 1
- Humidity (%): 43 ± 5
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 /12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: dissolution in water
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of dosing solution (frequency): weekly
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water):
- Concentration in vehicle: as required by dose
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 ml/kg bw - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- GC analysis with a Varian 2100 GC with flame ionization detector connected to a Spectra Physics Model 4100 recording integrator.
Analysis of the test material was performed at week 1, 3, 8, 9, and 13. Measured concentrations were found to in acceptable accordance with nominal values. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 92 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100, 316, 1000 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 30 in total (10 for interim sacrifice)
In addition, one group of 10 animals per sex (group V) for baseline observation (sacrifice prior to initiation of dosing) - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: preceding rage finding toxicity study (TLR study #032-001)
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: no satellite groups
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule:
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: during pretreatment period and at week 13
- Dose groups that were examined: all rats were examined
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: prior to initiation of dosing, at week 4 or 5, and at week 13 or 14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, CO2
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: prior to dosing 10 animals per sex ( group V), at week 4 or 5 (interim sacrifice) and at week 13 or 14 (final sacrifice) 10 animals per sex from each group
- Parameters examined: hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total and differential leucocyte counts (WBC), estimated platelet count (PLT)
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: prior to initiation of dosing, at week 4 or 5, and at week 13 or 14
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, CO2
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: prior to dosing 10 animals per sex ( group V), at week 4 or 5 (interim sacrifice) and at week 13 or 14 (final sacrifice) 10 animals per sex from each group
- Parameters examined: alkaline phosphatase (Alk phos), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glucose (Gluc), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), A/G ratio (calculated), globulin (calculated), total bilirubin (Tot. bili.), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), creatinine, inorganic phosphate (phos.), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total serum cholesterol (Chol)
URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: prior to initiation of dosing, at week 4 or 5, and at week 13 or 14
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: No data
- Parameters examined. pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, microscopy of sediment.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No special examinations - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes - Statistics:
- body weight, food consumption, clinicopathologic, and organ weight data were tested for homogeneity of variance by Bartlett's method (Steel and Torrie, 1980).
If the data were found to be homogeneous, differences between control and treatment means were tested for statistical significance by the method of Dunnett (Dunnett, 1964).
If the data were found not to be homogeneous, the method of Gill (modified Dunnett's) was employed (Gill, 1977)
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Treatment related clinical signs were restricted to the high-dose group and included hypoactivity, ataxia, and salivation. Hypoactivity decreased in the course of the experiment and was only sporadically observed after week 4.
The mortality rate was 1/60, 1/60, 2/60 and 11/60 for the control, 100, 316, and 1000 mg/kg/day dose group, respectively. In combination with the results of the gross necropsy and histologic findings, the increased number of death in the high-dose group are not related to a systemic toxicity of orally administered isobutyl alcohol.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
During week 1 the males of the 1000 mg/kg/day dose group gained 10% less body weight than the controls.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
For the first two weeks of the study, food consumption averages of the 1000 mg/kg day dose group males and females were significantly lower than controls ( p ≤ 0.01 - males, p ≤ 0.05 - females week 1 and p ≤ 0.01 - males/females week 2).
FOOD EFFICIENCY
no examined
WATER CONSUMPTION
not examined
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
no effects
HAEMATOLOGY
no effects
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
There was no definite treatment related effect on clinical pathologic parameters. However, the possibility of treatment-related effects was suggested by differences between control and treatment group mean serum potassium, albumin, and total protein concentrations. Group mean serum potassium concentration for males and females in the 1000 mg/kg/day group was 11-15% lower than the control group means at the interim evaluation, but it was similar for treated and control groups at the final clinical pathologic evaluation. Slightly lower than control group means for femals of the 316 mg/kg/day dose group (7%, p ≤ 0.05)and for females of the 1000 mg/kg/day dose group (9% p ≤ 0.01) appeare to be a result of higher than expected values in the control group rather than abnormally low values in the treated groups.
URINALYSIS
no effects
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
not examined
ORGAN WEIGHTS
no effects
GROSS PATHOLOGY
no effects
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
no effects
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
not examined
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (if applicable)
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 316 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: overall effects clinical signs; body weight; food consumption; clinical chemistry
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Four rats were determined to have died from perforation of the esophagus (incurred during dosing). The case of death of another ten rats was acute tracheitis (or bronchial hemmorhage), which was apparently due to the regurgitation and subsequent aspiration of the isobutyl alcohol and/or its vapors into the trachea (and probably the nasal cavity). The acute lesions of the trachea (inflammation and/or necrosis) seen histologically support this theory.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
In a subchronic toxicity study (90 days) isobutanol (purity not stated) was administered to 30 rats/sex/dose by gavage at dose levels of 0, 100, 316, and 1000 mg/kg bw/day on the basis of a priliminary range finding study.
Treatment related effects were seen only at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, but not at dose levels of 100 or 316 mg/kg bw/day. At the 1000 mg/kg bw/day dose level, hypoactivity was observed in all rats and body weight gain in the males was 18% below the control average during week 1. Food consumption averages were below those of the controls for both males and females during week 1 and 2. In addition, serum potassium averages (both sexes) were 11-15% below control averages at the interim evaluation (day 29) only and this may have been related to treatment.
No difference between dosed groups and controls were found for ophthalmoscopic examination, haematology, urinalysis, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology.
The NOEL is 316 mg/kg bw/day for males and females (EPA/Res. Triangle Inst. 1987)
This subchronic toxicity study in the rat is acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for a subchroic oral study (OECD 408).
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