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EC number: 208-798-4 | CAS number: 542-08-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-04-28 to 2020-06-29
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- May 30, 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: sewage treatment plant Rossdorf, Germany
- Preparation of sludge: The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was deposited for 15 min, washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in test water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and aerated. This suspension was used for the experiment. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 102.3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 193.0 mg/L (ThODNH4)
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Reconstituted Test Water
- Test temperature: 22 °C ± 1 °C
- pH: 7.4 (measured at the start of the test); 7.4 to 7.6 (measured at the end of the test)
- Aeration of dilution water: no
- Continuous darkness: no
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Manometric Test System with test flasks containing a volume of approximately 500 mL.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: BSB/BOD Sensor system
- Test performed in closed vessels: The test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: every day of the exposure period
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2
- Abiotic sterile control: 1
- Toxicity control: 1 - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 69
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on ThODNH4
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79% after 14 days and to 80% after 28 days of incubation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions according to OECD 301 F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of test item was investigated in a Manometric Respirometry test according to OECD TG 301 F and Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4-D under GLP with aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Degradation rate of test item calculated by the oxygen consumption of the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms after 28 days of incubation. The test item was tested at a concentration of 102.3 mg/L, corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 193.0 mg/L (ThODNH4) while the reference item sodium benzoate was tested at a concentration of 102.9 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 171.4 mg/L (ThODNH4). The oxygen concentration was measured using a BSB/BOD-Sensor-System and the test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. The validity criterion was fulfilled. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79 % after 14 days and to 80 % after 28 days of incubation, thus, confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 64 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 74 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was > 25 % within 14 days. A mean biodegradation of 1 0% or more of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14, the mean degradation of the test item was 60 % (ThODNH4) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 69 % (ThODNH4). Therefore, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4.
Reference
Validity Criteria of the Study
Inoculum Control: The oxygen demand of the inoculum control (medium and inoculum) was 22.5 mg O2/L and thus not greater than 60 mg O2/L within 28 days as required by the test guideline.
pH-Value: The pH-value of the test item flasks at the end of the test were 7.5 and 7.4 and therefore within the range of pH 6.0 to 8.5 as required by the test guideline.
Reference Item: The percentage degradation of the reference item should reach the level for ready biodegradability (> 60%) within 14 days as required by the test guideline. The reference item sodium benzoate was degraded to more than 60% after 4 days of incubation
Test Item: The difference of duplicate values for the degradation of the test item at the end of the test and at the end of the 10-day window was less than 20%. The difference of duplicate values at days 14 and 28 was 1%. The validity criterion was fulfilled.
Toxicity Control: If in a toxicity test, containing both the test item and a reference item less than 25% biodegradation (based on ThODNH4) occurred within 14 days, the test item can be assumed to be inhibitory. The biodegradation was 64% at day 14; the test item was not inhibitory.
Biodegradation of Test Item
The criterion for ready biodegradability under the conditions of a manometric respirometry test is the degradation of the test item of at least 60%, reached within a 10-day window; the 10-day window starts when the degradation of the test item reaches at least 10% degradation. The 10-day windows began on day 4 after application, the mean value was calculated to be 18% biodegradation (ThODNH4). Therefore, the end of the 10-day window was day 14. The mean biodegradation percentage based on ThODNH4 at the end of the 10-day window was 60%; the criterion of the 10 day window was passed. The mean biodegradation percentage at the end of the 28-day exposure period was 69% (ThODNH4).
Biodegradation of Reference Item
The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79% after 14 days and to 80% after 28 days of incubation.
Biodegradation in the Toxicity Control
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 64% (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 74% (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
Abiotic Control
The oxygen demand in the abiotic control was 0 mg/L during the test duration.
Table 1: Cumulative Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg O2/L) in Test Flasks during the Test Period of 28 Days
Time (Days) |
Flask no. |
||||||
Flask 1 |
Flask 2 |
Flask 3 |
Flask 4 |
Flask 5 |
Flask 6 |
Flask 7 |
|
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
55 |
0 |
55 |
2 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
80 |
0 |
80 |
3 |
25 |
20 |
5 |
5 |
95 |
0 |
95 |
4 |
45 |
35 |
5 |
5 |
110 |
0 |
110 |
5 |
50 |
50 |
10 |
5 |
115 |
0 |
125 |
6 |
60 |
60 |
10 |
5 |
125 |
0 |
135 |
7 |
70 |
65 |
10 |
10 |
135 |
0 |
160 |
8 |
80 |
75 |
10 |
10 |
135 |
0 |
170 |
9 |
95 |
85 |
10 |
10 |
140 |
0 |
185 |
10 |
110 |
95 |
15 |
10 |
145 |
0 |
195 |
11 |
120 |
105 |
15 |
15 |
145 |
0 |
210 |
12 |
125 |
115 |
15 |
15 |
145 |
0 |
220 |
13 |
130 |
125 |
15 |
15 |
150 |
0 |
235 |
14 |
130 |
130 |
15 |
15 |
150 |
0 |
250 |
15 |
135 |
130 |
20 |
15 |
155 |
0 |
265 |
16 |
135 |
135 |
20 |
20 |
155 |
0 |
280 |
17 |
140 |
135 |
20 |
20 |
155 |
0 |
285 |
18 |
140 |
135 |
20 |
20 |
155 |
0 |
290 |
19 |
145 |
140 |
20 |
20 |
155 |
0 |
290 |
20 |
145 |
145 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
21 |
145 |
145 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
22 |
150 |
150 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
23 |
150 |
150 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
24 |
150 |
155 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
25 |
155 |
155 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
26 |
155 |
155 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
27 |
155 |
155 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
290 |
28 |
155 |
155 |
25 |
20 |
160 |
0 |
295 |
Flasks 1 and 2: Test item; Flasks 3 and 4: inoculum control
Flask 5: reference (procedure control); Flask 6: abiotic control
Flask 7: toxicity control
Table 2: Percentage Biodegradation of Test Item, of Sodium Benzoate and of the Toxicity Control based on ThODNH4
Time (Days) |
Percentage Biodegradation |
|||
Test item1 |
Reference time2 |
Toxicity Control1,2 |
||
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
|
1 |
3 |
0 |
32 |
15 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
44 |
20 |
3 |
10 |
8 |
53 |
24 |
4 |
21 |
15 |
61 |
29 |
5 |
22 |
22 |
63 |
32 |
6 |
27 |
27 |
69 |
35 |
7 |
31 |
28 |
73 |
41 |
8 |
36 |
33 |
73 |
44 |
9 |
44 |
39 |
76 |
48 |
10 |
51 |
43 |
77 |
50 |
11 |
55 |
46 |
76 |
53 |
12 |
57 |
52 |
76 |
56 |
13 |
60 |
57 |
79 |
60 |
14 |
60 |
59 |
79 |
64 |
15 |
61 |
58 |
80 |
67 |
16 |
60 |
59 |
79 |
71 |
17 |
63 |
59 |
79 |
72 |
18 |
63 |
59 |
79 |
73 |
19 |
65 |
63 |
79 |
73 |
20 |
64 |
63 |
80 |
73 |
21 |
64 |
66 |
80 |
73 |
22 |
66 |
66 |
80 |
73 |
23 |
66 |
68 |
80 |
73 |
24 |
66 |
68 |
80 |
73 |
25 |
69 |
68 |
80 |
73 |
26 |
69 |
68 |
80 |
73 |
27 |
69 |
68 |
80 |
73 |
28 |
69 |
68 |
80 |
74 |
1 ThODNH4 of the test item: 1.887 mg O2/mg test item
2 ThODNH4 of sodium benzoate: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Description of key information
Under the test conditions according to OECD 301 F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4 (Reference 5.2.1-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of test item was investigated in a Manometric Respirometry test according to OECD TG 301 F and Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4-D under GLP with aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Degradation rate of test item calculated by the oxygen consumption of the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms after 28 days of incubation. The test item was tested at a concentration of 102.3 mg/L, corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 193.0 mg/L (ThODNH4) while the reference item sodium benzoate was tested at a concentration of 102.9 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 171.4 mg/L (ThODNH4). The oxygen concentration was measured using a BSB/BOD-Sensor-System and the test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. The validity criterion was fulfilled. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79 % after 14 days and to 80 % after 28 days of incubation, thus, confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 64 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 74 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was > 25 % within 14 days. A mean biodegradation of 10 % or more of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14, the mean degradation of the test item was 60 % (ThODNH4) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 69 % (ThODNH4). Therefore, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4.
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