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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 217-775-8 | CAS number: 1951-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.029 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 36
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
- Value:
- 37.026 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.583 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 36
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
- Value:
- 21 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Additional information - workers
Toxico-kinetics:
In humans, majority of the absorbed piperazine was excreted through the urinary route and a minor fraction through the feaces. There is a wide variation in the rate at which piperazine is excreted by different individuals. Also, there was no significant difference between the rates of excretion of piperazine citrate, adipate, and phosphate. In the study conducted with pigs,a similar behaviour was noted with most of the piperazine being excreted out of the living system through the urinary route. One metabolite N-mononitrosopiperazine was identiofied in this study.
Thus, from the human and animal toxico-kinetic study, it can be assumed that the chemical piperazine, compound with phosphoric acid shall have no bio-accumulation potential within the living system.
Skin & eye irritation:
From the data available, it is concluded that the chemical piperazine phosphate is strongly irritating to the skin and eyes. The harmonized classification of this chemical also supports this classification.
Skin sensitizer:
Patch testing of a 1% piperazine solution on 93 patients on a clinic revealed 3.2% positive allergic reactions. Thus piperazine was found to be sensitising on human skin. Thus, it is concluded that the chemical piperazine phosphate shall also exhibit positive sensitization property which is supported by the harmonized classification of the CLP regulation
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.254 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
- Value:
- 18.261 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.292 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
- Value:
- 21 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.586 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
- Value:
- 21.105 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Additional information - General Population
DNEL derivation
Piperazine phosphate does notexhibit acute toxicity by the oral, inhalation or the dermal route (within the dose levels mentioned in the respective end points of the dossier)and thus is not considered for classification in the acute toxic category.
Piperazine phosphatewas found to be irritating to skin and eye. Available studies also indicate that the chemical does not exhibit genotoxicity However, the chemical is a reproductive toxin within the dose levels mentioned in the end points. This is also supported by the harmonized classification.
In the absence of local effects following short-term or long-term exposure, no dose-response data are available and a quantitative dose descriptor is not derived. DNEL values for local exposure are therefore not calculated.
In the absence of acute systemic toxicity, no dose-response data are available and a quantitative dose descriptor is not derived. DNEL values for acute systemic effects are therefore not calculated.
A standard approach to deriving DNEL values would be to use the repeated dose toxicity dataset and apply assessment factors as described in ECHA guidance documents. The critical endpoint is considered to be the NOAEL of 42mg/kg bw/d in oral category.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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