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EC number: 204-909-5 | CAS number: 128-80-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
PBT assessment
Administrative data
PBT assessment: overall result
- Name:
- 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone
- Type of composition:
- boundary composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone
- PBT status:
- the substance is not PBT / vPvB
- Justification:
Classification of 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinonefor effects in the environment:
The chemical 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone (CAS no. 128-80-3) is used as a colorant for cosmetic and dyeing agents. It is used in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. Also used in plastic resin, polystyrene, ABS resin, acrylic, polyester resin, polycarbonate, contact lenses and haptics of intraocular lenses etc. It is used for staining variety of resin and fibres.The aim was to assess whether the PBT criterion within Annex XIII was fulfilled for 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone. The PBT criterion was herein assessed based on experimental data in conjunction with standardized environmental fate models. Here follows a description of the PBT assessment.
Persistence assessment
The tested substance does not fulfil the P criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:
Biotic degradation
In an experimental key study from study report (1992), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test chemical. The study was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 24°C. Activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified) obtained from a domestic waste water sewage plant was used as a test inoculum for the study. Initial test substance conc. used in the study was 30 mg/l. Flasks were used as a test vessel for the study. An amount of sludge from a domestic waste water sewage plant corresponding to 7.5 mg dry material for positive control ANILINE and 25 mg dry material for the test article were added to 250 ml of the final test medium. The test flasks was incubated on a SAPROMAT D12 (Voith GmbH) supplied with an evaluation program. The biodegradation of the test article was followed by exposing it to microorganisms from the secondary effluent of a domestic waste water sewage plant and determined by means of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 28 days. At the end of the incubation period, samples of atleast 10 ml from all flasks were centrifuged and thereafter directly analysed. TOC analyses were performed with the various filtrates, using a Shimadzu TOC Analyser (Shimadzu TOC 500). Aniline (positive control) was used as a reference substance for the study. Untreated inoculum was used as an inoculum blank. It degraded by 67.8% and 71.5% after 7 and 14 days respectively. A slight degradation was observed in the flask without inoculum, allowing the assumption that the test article was not only degraded by microorganisms. The percentage degradation of test chemical was determined to be 29.9% by BOD parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.
In a supporting study,28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical (Experimental study report, 2018. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used as a test inoculum for the study. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 73.49%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 39.15% on 7 days & 70.48% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.37 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 42.19%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.
Thus, based on the above available information, it has been concluded that chemical 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone is considered to be inherently biodegradable and thus likely to be not persistent (Not P) in nature.
Bioaccumulation assessment
The tested substance fulfils the B criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:
Theoctanol water partition coefficient of the test chemical from study reports was determined to be ranges from 6.4 to 8.2, respectively. Since the logKow value is greater than the threshold of 4.5. If this chemical is released into the aquatic environment, there should be a high risk for the chemical to bioaccumulate in fish and food chains.
Thus, based on the available information, chemical 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone is considered likely to be bioaccumulative (B) in nature.
Toxicity assessment
The tested substance does not fulfil the T criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:
Mammals
The tested chemical is regarded to be not classified for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity, Further, there is no evidence of chronic toxicity, as identified by the classifications STOT (repeated exposure), category 1(oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume) or category 2 (oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume).
Aquatic organisms
All of the available short-term eco-toxicity data for fish, invertebrates and algae for the substance 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone indicates the LC50/EC50 value to be in the range 100 – 158.9 mg/L, respectively. These value suggest that the substance is not likely to be hazardous to Aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be ‘Not classified’ as per the CLP regulation.
There are no available long-term toxicity evaluations for 1,4-bis(p-tolylamino)anthraquinone. By speculation, long-term NOEC for aquatic organisms were not expected for the substance at concentration below 0.01 mg/L based on the data mentioned above
The chemical was therefore not considered as hazardous to aquatic environments as per the criteria set out in Annex XIII.
Conclusion
Based on critical, independent and collective evaluation of information summarized herein, the tested compound fulfils the B criterion but does not fulfil the P and T criterion and has therefore not been classified as a PBT compound within Annex XIII.
Reference
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