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EC number: 231-388-1 | CAS number: 7526-26-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013-04-22 - 2013-06-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- The Department of Health of the Government of The United Kingdom
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Verification of test concentrations and stability of the test substance: at 0 and 48 h
Water temperature and light intensity: recorded daily
Dissolved oxygen concentration and pH: start and end of the experiment
Observation of immobilisation/adverse reactions: at 24 and 48 h - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION OF TEST SOLUTION
Prior to use, the test substance was melted at approx. 50 °C. 100 mg of it was dissolved in reconstituted water with the aid of ultrasonication for 30 min and the volume adjusted to 1 L to give the 100 mg/L stock solution. Aliquots (10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mL) were each separately added to 1 L of reconstituted water to give the test concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L respectively. Each stock solution was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Strain: 1st instar
- Source: in-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type (before): algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin(R) flake food suspension
- Frequency: daily
- Maintenance: at approx. 20 °C in 150 mL glass beakers containing Elendt M7 medium with a light cycle of 16/8 h light/darkness with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods
- Method of reproduction: parthenogenesis - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period described.
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.7 - 9.2 mg O2/L
98 - 101 % of Air Saturation Value (ASV) - Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass jars
- Fill volume: 200 mL
- Type: closed
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
RECONSTITUTED WATER
- Stock solutions: a) 11.76 mg/L CaCl2 x 2 H2O; b) 4.93 mg/L MgSo4 x 7 H2O; c) 2.59 mg/L NaHCO3; 0.23 mg/L KCl
- Preparation: 25 mL of each solutions a - d was added to each liter (final volume) of deionized water with a conductivity < 5 µS/cm. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 +//- 0.2 adjusted, if necessary, with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approx. air-saturation value.
ELENDT M7 MEDIUM (Stock solution A)
- Constituents: 57190 mg/L H3BO3, 7210 mg/L MnCl2 x 4 H2O, 6120 mg/L LiCl, 1420 mg/L RbCl, 3040 mg/L SrCl2 x 6 H2O, 320 mg/L NaBr, 1260 Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O, 335 mg/L CuCl2 x 2 H2O, 260 mg/L ZnCl2, 200 mg/L CoCl2 x 6 H2O, 65 mg/L KI, 43.8 mg/L Na2SeO3, 11.5 mg/L NH4VO3, 5000 mg/L Na2EDTA x 2 H2O, 1991 mg/L FeSO4 x 7 H2O
- Preparation: an aliquot (depending on the volume of medium required) of each stock solution was added to a final volume of deionized reverse osmosis water to give stock solution A and stored at approx. 21 °C.
MACRO NUTRIENT STOCK SOLUTIONS
- Constituents: 293.80 g/L CaCl2 x 2 H2O (XV), 64.80 g/L NaHCO3 (XVI), 246.60 g/L MgSO4 x 7 H2O (XVII), 50.00 g/L Na2SiO3 x 9 H2O (XVIII), 58.00 g/L KCl (XIX), 2.74 g/L NaNO3 (XX), 1.84 g/L K2HPO4 (XXI), 1.43 g/L KH2PO4 (XXII)
- Vitamin nutrients: 750 mg/L Thiamine hydrochloride (XXIII), 10 mg/L Cyanocobalamine (Vitamin B12), 7.5 mg/L D(+)biotim (Vitamin H)
- Preparation: The final medium was prepared by adding an aliquot of Stock solution A (Elendt M7 Medium) along with aliquots of each individual Macro Nutrient Stock Solution and an aliquot of the Vitamin Nutrient to the required amount (final volume) of deionized reverse osmosis water.
The pH of the prepared media was 8.0 +/- 0.2 and stored at approx. 21 °C.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no - not required according to the applied guideline
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h darkness, 20 min dusk and down transition periods
- Light intensity: 473 - 501 lux
RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Immobilisation was observed at test concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 2.6 - 3.3
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 1.0 - 1.8
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- The test preparations were observed to be clear colourless solutions during the exposure period.
The No Observed Effect Concentrations after 24 and 48 h were 1.8 and 1.0 mg/L respectively. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations after 24 and 48 h exposure were 3.2 and 1.8 mg/L respectively. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50(24h): 1.0 mg/L (95 % Confidence limit: 0.91 - 1.20) / NOEC(24h): 0.56 mg/L / LOEC(24h): 1.0 mg/L
EC50(24h): 0.71 mg/L (95 % Confidence limit: 0.65 - 0.76) / NOEC(48h): 0.32 mg/L / LOEC(48h): 0.56 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al., 1977)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Validity criteria of the applied guideline were fulfilled.
- Conclusions:
- The report describes a valid guideline study conducted under certificated GLP compliance. The obtained 48h-EC50 value (1.3 mg/L) leads to a certain toxicity concern of the test substance towards aquatic invertebrates.
- Executive summary:
The test substance was investigated for its toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates in accordance to OECD Guideline 202 / EU Method C. 2 (Harris, 2013). Daphnia magna was used as test organism since it is a representative of a wide variety of natural habitats and can therefore be considered as an important non-target organism in freshwater ecosystems. Based on a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test substance at concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L for 48 hours. A control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test substance, resulting in 0 % immobilisation. Four replicates per concentration and control group were prepared. Static test conditions were applied and the temperature was held constant at 20 - 21 °C. A photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods was applied. Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 h. Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if there were unable to swim for approx. 15 seconds after gentle agitation. Potassium dichromate served as positive control resulting in a 48h-EC50 of 0.71 mg/L (95 % CL: 0.65 - 0 .76 mg/L). Quantitative analysis of water samples was performed using HPLC/UV (High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection) at 0 and 48 hours. As final result, the EC50(48h) is given as 1.3 mg/L with a 95 % Confidence Limit range of 1.0 - 1.8 mg/L. Throughout the test duration, the preparations were observed to be clear colorless solutions. Validity criteria of the applied guidelines were met.
Reference
Table 2. Cumulative immobilization data in the Range-finding Test
Nominal concentration |
Cumulative immobilized Daphnia |
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0.10 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
Table 3. Cumulative immobilization data in the Definitive Test
Nominal concentration |
Cumulative immobilized Daphnia |
|||||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
3.2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
13 |
65 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5.6 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
Table 4. Physico-chemical measurements
Nominal concentration |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||
pH |
mg O2/L |
%ASV |
T [°C] |
T |
pH |
mg O2/L |
%ASV |
T [°C] |
||
Control |
R1 |
8.1 |
9.2 |
101 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.9 |
100 |
21 |
1.0 |
R1 |
8.1 |
9.1 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.8 |
99 |
21 |
1.8 |
R1 |
8.0 |
9.1 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.8 |
99 |
21 |
3.2 |
R1 |
8.1 |
9.1 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.8 |
99 |
21 |
5.6 |
R1 |
8.1 |
9.1 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.7 |
98 |
21 |
10 |
R1 |
8.1 |
9.1 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
8.1 |
8.7 |
98 |
21 |
Description of key information
Daphnia magna_OECD 202/EU Method C.2: EC50(48h): 1.3 mg/L, NOEC(48h): 1.0 mg/L, LOEC(48h): 1.8 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 1.3 mg/L
Additional information
Diphenyl methylphosphonate (DPP) was investigated for its toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates in accordance to OECD Guideline 202 / EU Method C. 2 (Harris, 2013). Daphnia magna was used as test organism since it is a representative of a wide variety of natural habitats and can therefore be considered as an important non-target organism in freshwater ecosystems. Based on a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test substance at concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L for 48 hours. A control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test substance, resulting in 0 % immobilisation. Four replicates per concentration and control group were prepared. Static test conditions were applied and the temperature was held constant at 20 - 21 °C. A photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods was applied. Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 h. Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if there were unable to swim for approx. 15 seconds after gentle agitation. Potassium dichromate served as positive control resulting in a 48h-EC50 of 0.71 mg/L (95 % CL: 0.65 - 0 .76 mg/L). Quantitative analysis of water samples was performed using HPLC/UV (High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection) at 0 and 48 hours. As final result, the EC50(48h) is given as 1.3 mg/L with a 95 % Confidence Limit range of 1.0 - 1.8 mg/L. Throughout the test duration, the preparations were observed to be clear colorless solutions. Validity criteria of the applied guidelines were met.
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