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EC number: 234-961-4 | CAS number: 12045-63-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium diboride
- EC Number:
- 234-961-4
- EC Name:
- Titanium diboride
- Cas Number:
- 12045-63-5
- Molecular formula:
- B2Ti
- IUPAC Name:
- titanium diboride
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- Titanium Diboride BATCH NO 703M1, mass median diameter 3.44µm; Test item sponsored by Lead Registrant ESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, purity see section 1.4
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
Number of Animals: 10
Sex: 5 Males and 5 Females. The females assigned to test were nulliparous and non-pregnant.
Species/Strain: Rat/Sprague-Dawley derived, albino.
Age/Body weight: Young adult (11-12 weeks)/males 293-335 grams and females 226-234 grams at experimental start.
Source: Received from Harlan Laboratories, Inc. on March 21, 2012.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Housing: The animals were singly housed in suspended stainless steel caging with mesh floors, which conform to the size recommendations in the most recent Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Natl. Res. Council, 2011). Litter paper was placed beneath the cage and was changed at least three times per week.
Animal Room Temperature and Relative Humidity Ranges: 21-23ºC and 42-57%, respectively.
Animal Room Air Changes/Hour: 13. Airflow measurements are evaluated regularly and the records are kept on file at Product Safety Labs.
Photoperiod: 12-hour light/dark cycle
Acclimation Period: 22 days
Food: Harlan Teklad Global 16% Protein Rodent Diet® #2016. The diet was available ad libitum, except during the exposure.
Water: Filtered tap water was supplied ad libitum by an automatic water dispensing system except during exposure.
Contaminants: There were no known contaminants reasonably expected to be found in the food or water at levels which would have interfered with the results of this study. Analyses of the food and water are conducted regularly and the records are kept on file at Product Safety Labs.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE CHAMBER: A nose-only inhalation chamber with an internal volume of approximately 6.7 liters (Mini-Nose Only Inhalation Chamber, ADG Developments LTD) was used for exposure. Animals were individually housed in polycarbonate holding tubes which seal to the chamber with an “O” ring during exposure. The base unit terminates the chamber with a 0.5-inch diameter tube for discharged air.
AIR SUPPLY: Approximately 30.0 liters per minute (Lpm) of filtered air was supplied by an air compressor (Powerex Model: SES05) to the dust generator. An additional 6.0 Lpm of compressed mixing air, supplied by an air compressor (Powerex Model: SES05) which was introduced into the chamber to help uniformly distribute the test atmosphere by creating a vortex at the chamber inlet. Compressed airflow was measured with a Mass Flowmeter (Omega, Model #FMA-5613). Chamber airflow was monitored throughout the exposure period and recorded periodically. Total airflow was 36.0 Lpm. Based on the volume of the inhalation chamber, this airflow provided approximately 322 air changes per hour during the study.
.
AMBIENT CONDITIONS: The exposure tube temperature and relative humidity ranges during exposure were 20-21ºC and 15-16%, respectively. The room temperature and relative humidity ranges during exposure were 20-21ºC and 32-33%, respectively. In-chamber measurements and room conditions were measured with a Temperature-Humidity Monitor (Fisher Scientific, Model #11-661-18). Temperature and relative humidity values were recorded every 15 minutes for the first hour of exposure and every 30 minutes thereafter.
DUST GENERATION: The test substance was aerosolized using a modified Wright Dust Generator (Dayton, Model #4Z538A) driven by a variable speed motor D.C. speed control with 0-100 potentiometer. The test substance was packed into the dust container (Wright, Model DF183) and compressed to 1,000 lbs/in2 using a lab press (Carver, Model C). The container was then fitted with a stainless steel cutting head (Model DF194SS) and cutting blade (Model DF191SS). Compressed/mixing air was supplied to the dust generator at 30 psi. The aerosolized dust was then fed directly into the chamber through the dust outlet assembly
CHAMBER CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS: Gravimetric samples were withdrawn at six intervals from the breathing zone of the animals. Samples were collected using 37 mm glass fiber filters (GF/B Whatman) in a filter holder attached by ¼ inch Tygon tubing to a vacuum pump (Westech Vacuum Pump). Filter papers were weighed before and after collection to determine the mass collected. This value was divided by the total volume of air sampled to determine the chamber concentration. The collections were carried out for 1 minute at airflows of 4 Lpm. Sample airflows were measured using a Mass Flowmeter (Aalborg, Model #GFC-17).
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION: An eight-stage ACFM Anderson Ambient Particle Sizing Sampler was used to assess the particle size distribution of the test atmosphere. Samples were withdrawn from the breathing zone of the animals at two intervals. The filter paper collection stages were weighed before and after sampling to determine the mass collected upon each stage. The aerodynamic mass median diameter and geometric standard deviation were determined graphically using two-cycle logarithmic probit axes.
- Particle size distribution: see table 1
- MMAD : 3.5 µm +- 0.08
EXPOSURE PERIOD: The animals were exposed to the test atmosphere for 4 hours and 1 minute. The exposure period was extended beyond 4 hours to allow the chamber to reach equilibrium (T99). The times for 90 and 99% equilibration of the chamber atmosphere were 0.4 and 0.9 minutes, respectively. At the end of the exposure period, the generation was terminated and the chamber was operated for a further 17 minutes with clean air. At the end of this period the animals were removed from the exposure tube. Prior to being returned to their cages, excess test substance was removed from the fur of each animal. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Concentrations:
- see table 2
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 male/ 5female
- Details on study design:
- Individual body weights of the animals were recorded prior to test substance exposure (initial) and on Days 1, 3, 7 and 14 (termination).
All animals were observed for mortality during the exposure period. The animals were examined for signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes upon removal from the exposure tube and at least once daily thereafter for 14 days. Observations included gross evaluation of skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes, respiratory, circulatory, autonomic and central nervous systems, somatomotor activity and behavior pattern. Particular attention was directed to observation of tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, and coma.
All rats were euthanized via CO2 inhalation on Day 14. Gross necropsies were performed on all animals. Tissues and organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities were examined.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- not applicable
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.05 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- no mortalities
- Clinical signs:
- other: Following exposure, all animals exhibited abnormal respiration. However, the animals recovered from this symptom by Day 6 and appeared active and healthy for the remainder of the 14-day observation period.
- Body weight:
- Although all animals lost body weight by Day 1 and/or Day 3, all animals showed a continued weight gain thereafter through Day 14.
- Gross pathology:
- No gross abnormalities were noted for any of the animals when necropsied at the conclusion of the 14-day observation period.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the single exposure acute inhalation LC50 of the test substance is greater than 5.05 mg/L in male and female rats. Based on the results of this study, Titanium Diboride has no labeling requirements for acute inhalation toxicity and is not classified.
- Executive summary:
An acute inhalation toxicity test was conducted with rats to determine the potential for Titanium Diboride to produce toxicity from a 4-hour exposure via the inhalation (nose-only exposure) route. Under the conditions of this study, the single exposure acute inhalation LC50 of the test substance is greater than 5.05mg/L in male and female rats. Based on the results of this study, Titanium Diboride has no labeling requirements for acute inhalation toxicity and is not classified.
After establishing the desired generation procedures during pre-test trials, ten healthy rats (5/sex) were exposed to the test atmosphere for 4 hours. Chamber concentration and particle size distributions of the test substance were determined periodically during the exposure period. The animals were observed for mortality, signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes at least once daily for 14 days following exposure. Body weights were recorded prior to exposure and again on Days 1, 3, 7 and 14 (termination). Necropsies were performed on all animals at terminal sacrifice.
The gravimetric chamber concentration was 5.05mg/L. Based on graphic analysis of the particle size distribution as measured with an ACFM Andersen Ambient Particle Sizing Sampler, the mass median aerodynamic diameter was estimated to be 3.5.
All animals survived exposure to the test atmosphere. Following exposure, all animals exhibited abnormal respiration. However, the animals recovered from this symptom by Day 6 and appeared active and healthy for the remainder of the 14-day observation period. Although all animals lost body weight by Day 1 and/or Day 3, all animals showed a continued weight gain thereafter through Day 14. No gross abnormalities were noted for any of the animals when necropsied at the conclusion of the 14-day observation period.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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