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EC number: 947-964-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 13 April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 31 May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Version / remarks:
- October 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Amount of total organic carbon (TOC) was determined in the highest test concentration and the control at the start and at the end of each water renewal period. The test concentration of 45.5 mg/L was analysed as highest concentration at the 2nd renewal period as all Daphnia were observed as immobile in the 100.0 mg/L concentration at the 24-h observation period. Three replicates were analysed from the test concentration and the control respectively at each analytical occasion. Measured control values were used as blank for calculation of TOC concentration of test item treated samples.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test item is a poorly water soluble UVCB material therefore a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared as follows: a supersaturated solution (100 mg/L nominal loading) was prepared by dispersing/dissolving the test item amount into the test medium (ISO medium) in a sealed Erlenmeyer flask filled up fully, thus allowing no headspace. This solution was stirred for 24 hours using magnetic stirrer and then settle for approx. one hour to allow phase separation. The saturated solution was removed from the approximate middle of flask. The test solutions of subsequent lower test concentrations was prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock WAF.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water fleas
- Clone: Daphnia magna (Straus)
- Age at study initiation: Less than 24 hours old
- Source: Laboratory of Hydrobiology (Central Agricultural Office, Directorate of Plant-, and Soil Protection) 2100 Gödöllő, Kotlán S. u. 3. Hungary
- Feeding during test : no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 249 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.9 – 21.3°C
- pH:
- 7.59 – 8.24
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.88 – 7.83 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1.9, 4.3, 9.4, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg/L (loading rate), no measured concentrations
The nominal concentrations were recalculated based on the water solubility of 17.817 mg/L (see IUCLID section 4.8). The calculated concentrations were: 0.34, 0.77, 1.67, 3.69, 8.11 and 17.8 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Type: closed (sealed by parafilm and aluminium foil)
- Material, headspace, fill volume: glass, no headspace, 50 mL
- Volume of solution: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: 24-h renewal periods
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: ISO Medium, according to OECD 202
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light (artificial illumination) and 8 hours darkness
- Light intensity: 723 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
immobility determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours,
Temperature, pH, oxygen concentrations measured at start and end of test
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L nominal loading
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, EC50 between 10 and 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: recalculated based on the water solubility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: recalculated based on the water solubility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.67 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: recalculated based on the water solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 24.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on nominal loading rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on nominal loading rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 9.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on nominal loading rate
- Details on results:
- The immobilisation rate of the introduced Daphnia did not exceed 10 %. Immobility was not observed in the untreated control and no Daphnia were trapped at the water surface or showed any sign of stress. The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was more than 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. All validity criteria were within acceptable limits and therefore the study was considered as valid.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The date of the last study (Study Number: 392-202-4466) with reference item Potassium dichromate was: 12 – 13 March 2019. The 24h EC50: 1.58 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 1.34 – 1.85 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 48-h ECx values were calculated by Probit analysis using SPSS software. The NOEC, LOEC values were determined directly from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a semi-static short term study the test item was found to affect the mobility of Daphnia magna after 48 hours with the following effect values: The EC50 and EC10-values were 4.4 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, recalculated based on the water solubility of the test item.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study according to OECD guideline 202 was to evaluate the influence of the test item on the mobility respectively survival of Daphnia magna. Young Daphnia were exposed in an immobilization test to aqueous test media containing the test item for 48 hours at a range of concentration under semi-static conditions. Based on the results of the preliminary experiment, nominal concentrations of 1.9, 4.3, 9.4, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg/L (loading rate) were investigated in the main study. Concurrent control ran. Biological results are based on the nominal loading rates.The test item and the control were tested using 20 Daphnia, divided into four groups of five animals (glass beaker; approx. 50 mL test medium) each were exposed to the test item concentrations or run as control for 48 hours in a semi-static test (24-h renewal periods). The test vessels were sealed and filled up fully with the test solution (thus allowing no headspace). The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Amount of total organic carbon (TOC) was determined in the highest test concentration and the control at the start and at the end of each water renewal period immediately after sampling. The endpoints used in this study are EL10, EL50 and NOELR for 48h test period. For determination of the ELx values Probit analysis was performed using SPSS software. Other endpoints were determined directly from the raw data. All validity criteria were met and therefore the study is considered as valid. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations measured during the test are mostly below quantification limit, only after 24h 3.26 mg/L were above the limit. The following results for the immobilization of daphnia were determined: EL50 = 24.9 mg/L, EL10 = 16.7 mg/L, NOELR = 1.67 mg/L. The results were recalculated based on the water solubility of the test item: EC50 = 4.4 mg/L, EC10 = 2.9 mg/L, NOEC = 1.67 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilisation of the test animals
Concentration |
No. of |
No. of immobilised |
% of immobilised |
||
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
||
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.9 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.3 |
20 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
9.4 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20.7 |
20 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
25 |
45.5 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
100 |
100.0 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
100 |
100 |
Table 2: Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations measured during the test
Nominal concentration |
Measured TOCconcentration [mg/L] |
|||
1strenewal period |
2ndrenewal period |
|||
start |
end |
start |
end |
|
100.0 |
3.55* |
3.26 |
– |
– |
45.5 |
– |
– |
1.96* |
2.44* |
*these values were below the quantification limit (< BQL) based on the actual daily calibration curves
Description of key information
In a semi-static short term study the test item was found to affect the mobility of Daphnia magna after 48 hours with the following effect values: The EC50 and EC10-values were 4.4 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, recalculated based on the water solubility of the test item.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 4.4 mg/L
Additional information
The purpose of this study according to OECD guideline 202 was to evaluate the influence of the test item on the mobility respectively survival of Daphnia magna. Young Daphnia were exposed in an immobilization test to aqueous test media containing the test item for 48 hours at a range of concentration under semi-static conditions. Based on the results of the preliminary experiment, nominal concentrations of 1.9, 4.3, 9.4, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg/L (loading rate) were investigated in the main study. Concurrent control ran. Biological results are based on the nominal loading rates.The test item and the control were tested using 20 Daphnia, divided into four groups of five animals (glass beaker; approx. 50 mL test medium) each were exposed to the test item concentrations or run as control for 48 hours in a semi-static test (24-h renewal periods). The test vessels were sealed and filled up fully with the test solution (thus allowing no headspace). The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Amount of total organic carbon (TOC) was determined in the highest test concentration and the control at the start and at the end of each water renewal period immediately after sampling. The endpoints used in this study are EL10, EL50 and NOELR for 48h test period. For determination of the ELx values Probit analysis was performed using SPSS software. Other endpoints were determined directly from the raw data. All validity criteria were met and therefore the study is considered as valid. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations measured during the test are mostly below quantification limit, only after 24h 3.26 mg/L were above the limit. The following results for the immobilization of daphnia were determined: EL50 = 24.9 mg/L, EL10 = 16.7 mg/L, NOELR = 1.67 mg/L. The results were recalculated based on the water solubility of the test item:EC50 = 4.4 mg/L, EC10 = 2.9 mg/L, NOEC = 1.67 mg/L.
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