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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 811-213-0 | CAS number: 66711-86-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2 012 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 50 307 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 25 153 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
To the starting point, adjustments are applied for study duration (6 hr/day) and normal workday schedule (8 hr/day), and normal human to worker respiratory volume correction for light activity (6.7 m3/10 m3) per REACH guidance R.8.4.2. With these two factors, 6/8 and 6.7/10, the starting point modification is 0.50.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is available from the 90-day inhalation study and therefore the default AF, i.e., 1, is used, given the determination of NOAEL didn't fall into the specific cases described in REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default AF of 2 (to address the difference in duration of exposure when converting from a 90-d inhalation study [subchronic] to worker life-time [chronic] exposure) per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1 is not needed. Instead, the use of an AF of 1 is supported by the existence of a two-generation rat inhalation reproductive toxicity study. In this study, exposure to 12,500 ppm for ~130 days (6 hrs/day, 7 days/week) resulted in 2 (out of 30) male deaths and 0 (out of 30) female deaths (overall mortality rate of 3.3%). This is comparable to or even less adverse than 3 (out of 20) male deaths and 0 (out of 20) female deaths (overall mortality rate of 7.5%) in the 90-day inhalation study after ~65 exposures (6 hrs/day, 5 days/week) to 15,000 ppm. The critical effect (mortality) as noted in the 90-day inhalation study was not adversely impacted by longer exposure duration (i.e., increasing the frequency and duration of exposure did not adversely affect the incidence or severity of the critical effect). Therefore, an assessment factor of 1 is an appropriate value for study duration per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the starting point is an inhalation study in animals, no further assessment factor for allometric scaling is necessary for inhalation to inhalation route of exposure extrapolation per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- An assessment factor of 2.5 is appropriate to adjust for the variation in the sensitivity of species due to differences in toxicodynamics per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 5 for workers is appropriate according to REACH guidance in R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- A robust database exists for the substance . An assessment factor of 1 is appropriate per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 249 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 97 930 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 165 334 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
To the starting point, adjustments are applied for normal human to worker respiratory volume correction for light activity (6.7 m3/10 m3) per REACH guidance R.8.4.2.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is available from the acute inhalation study and therefore the default AF, i.e., 1, is used, given the determination of NOAEC didn't fall into the specific cases described in REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the starting point is an inhalation study in animals, no further assessment factor for allometric scaling is necessary for inhalation to inhalation route of exposure extrapolation per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- An assessment factor of 2.5 is appropriate to adjust for the variation in the sensitivity of species due to differences in toxicodynamics per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 5 for workers is appropriate according to REACH guidance in R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC was derived from a GLP, guidelined study. An assessment factor of 1 is appropriate per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 359 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 50 306 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 8 981 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
To the starting point, adjustments are applied to convert study duration (6 hr/day, 5 day/week) to whole day & week exposure (24 hr/day, 7 day/week) per REACH guidance R.8.4.2. With these two factors, 6/24 and 5/7, the starting point modification is 0.1786.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is available from the 90-day inhalation study and therefore the default AF, i.e., 1, is used, given the determination of NOAEL didn't fall into the specific cases descibed in REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default AF of 2 (to address the difference in duration of exposure when converting from a 90-d inhalation study [subchronic] to general population life-time [chronic] exposure) per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1 is not needed. Instead, the use of an AF of 1 is supported by the existence of a two-generation rat inhalation reproductive toxicity study. In this study, exposure to 12,500 ppm for ~130 days (6 hrs/day, 7 days/week) resulted in 2 (out of 30) male deaths and 0 (out of 30) female deaths (overall mortality rate of 3.3%). This is comparable to or even less adverse than 3 (out of 20) male deaths and 0 (out of 20) female deaths (overall mortality rate of 7.5%) in the 90-day inhalation study after ~65 exposures (6 hrs/day, 5 days/week) to 15,000 ppm. The critical effect (mortality) as noted in the 90-day inhalation study was not adversely impacted by longer exposure duration (i.e., increasing the frequency and duration of exposure did not adversely affect the incidence or severity of the critical effect). Therefore, an assessment factor of 1 is an appropriate value for study duration per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the starting point is an inhalation study in animals, no further assessment factor for allometric scaling is necessary for inhalation to inhalation route of exposure extrapolation per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- An assessment factor of 2.5 is appropriate to adjust for the variation in the sensitivity of species due to differences in toxicodynamics per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- A default factor of 10 for general population is appropriate according to REACH guidance in R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- A robust database exists for the substance. An assessment factor of 1 is appropriate per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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