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EC number: 607-240-0 | CAS number: 23511-73-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin corrosion in vitro (OECD 431): not corrosive
Skin irritation in vitro (OECD 439): not irritant
Eye irritation in vitro (OECD 437): not irritant
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 - 28 Nov 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2004
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- interference with MTT not determined
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2016
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EU Method B.40 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted May 2008
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Source strain:
- other: EpiDerm™; reconstructed three-dimensional human epidermis (EPI-200)
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- HUMAN SKIN MODEL TEST
- Model used: EpiDerm™ (Epi-200)
- Tissue batch number(s): 11208 kit H
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37.0 ± 1.0 °C (actual range 35.9 - 37.2 °C)
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Number of washing steps: 1
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 1 h
- Spectrophotometer: Multiskan Spectrum (Thermo Labsystems)
- Wavelength: 540 nm
REDUCTION OF MTT BY THE TEST SUBSTANCE
To assess the ability of the test substance to reduce MTT, approximately 100 µL of the test substance was added to a 24-well plate filled with 1 mL MTT medium. The mixture was incubated for approximately 1 h at room temperature in the dark. A negative control (sterile Milli-Q water) was tested concurrently.
FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability:
Negative control: 3 min treatment (range: 1.153 - 2.003; mean: 1.61; SD: 0.22; n = 36); 1 h treatment (range: 1.298 - 2.007; mean: 1.60; SD: 0.19; n = 36)
Positive control: 3 min treatment (range: 0.075 - 0.156; mean: 0.11; SD: 0.02; n = 36); 1 h treatment (range: 0.059 - 0.178; mean: 0.09; SD: 0.02; n = 36)
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: duplicates per incubation time and for controls
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA (choose relevant statement)
- The test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 min exposure is less than 50%, or if the viability after 3 min exposure is greater than or equal to 50% and the viability after 1 h exposure is less than 15%.
- The test substance is considered to be non-corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 min exposure is greater than or equal to 50% and the viability after 1 h exposure is greater than or equal to 15%. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 50 µL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied: 50 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied: 50 µL
- Concentration: 8N - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 min and 1 h
- Number of replicates:
- 2
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 3 min application with the test substance
- Value:
- 93
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 1 h application with the test substance
- Value:
- 113
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The relative mean tissue viability obtained after the 3-min and 1-h treatments with the test substance was 93% and 113%, respectively, compared with the negative control tissues.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation(EC) No. 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the RHE test method the test substance did not show corrosive properties.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 - 12 Jan 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2015
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: L'Oréal Standard Operating Procedure, ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study, Validation of the Episkin Skin Irritation Test (42 h) assay for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals
- Version / remarks:
- Jan 2005
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Source strain:
- other: EpiSkin-Standard Model™
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- EpiSkin-Standard Model
- Model used: EpiSkin-SM™
- Tissue batch number(s): 09-EKIN-001
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: room temperature
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation: 37.0 ± 1.0 °C (actual range: 36.5 – 37.4 °C)
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Number of washing steps: 1
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 0.3 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 3 h
- Spectrophotometer: Multiskan Spectrum (Thermo Labsystems)
- Wavelength: 570 nm
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be irritant to skin if the relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 min of exposure to the test substance and 42 h of post incubation is ≤ 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
- The test substance is considered to be non-irritant to skin if the relative mean tissue viaiblity of three individual tissues after 15 min of exposure to the test substance and 42 h of post incubation is > 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 10 µL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied: 10 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied: 10 µL
- Concentration: 5% - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 15 min
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- 42 h
- Number of replicates:
- 3
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- mean
- Value:
- 92
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 min treatment with the test substance compared to the negative control tissues was 92%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the test substance was above 50% it is considered to be non-irritant.
The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 min exposure of 3%. The absolute mean OD570 (optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was equal to or greater than 0.6. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 18%, indicating that the test system functioned properly. - Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation(EC) No. 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the RHE test method the test substance did not show irritant properties.
Referenceopen allclose all
In Table 1 the raw data are presented. Table 2 shows the mean tissue viability obtained after 3-min and 1-h treatments compared to the negative control tissues. Skin corrosion is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance.
Table 1: Mean absorption at 540 nm
|
A |
B |
Mean |
±SD |
A |
B |
Mean |
± SD |
Negative control (water) |
1.613 |
1.815 |
1.714 |
0.143 |
1.558 |
1.443 |
1.501 |
0.082 |
Positive control (8 N KOH) |
0.082 |
0.091 |
0.086 |
0.007 |
0.064 |
0.075 |
0.070 |
0.008 |
Test substance |
1.619 |
1.556 |
1.587 |
0.045 |
1.758 |
1.697 |
1.697 |
0.087 |
Values are corrected for background absorption.
SD: standard deviation
A and B: duplicate cultures
Table 2: Mean tissue viability
|
Viability [% of control] |
|
|
3 min |
1 h |
Negative control (water) |
100 |
100 |
Positive control (8 N KOH) |
5 |
5 |
Test substance |
93 |
113 |
The absolute mean OD540 (optical density at 540 nm) of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. The mean relative tissue viability following 3-min exposure to the positive control was 5%. The maximum inter-tissue variability in viability between two tissues treated identically was less than 15% and the maximum difference in percentage between the mean viability of two tissues and one of the two tissues was less than 8%. It was therefore concluded that the test system functioned properly.
The mean absorption at 570 nm measured after treatment with the test substance and controls are presented in Table 1.
Table 2 shows the mean tissue viability obtained after 15 min treatment with the test substance compared with the negative control tissues. Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance.
Table 1: Mean absorption at 570 nm
|
A |
B |
C |
Mean |
± SD |
Negative control (PBS) |
0.7690 |
0.7650 |
0.7680 |
0.7670 |
0.0020 |
Positive control (5% SDS) |
0.0230 |
0.0310 |
0.0250 |
0.0260 |
0.0040 |
Test substance |
0.6830 |
0.7160 |
0.7200 |
0.7060 |
0.0200 |
The values are corrected for background absorption.
PBS: Phosphate buffered saline
SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulphate
SD: Standard deviation
Table 2: Mean tissue viability
|
Viability [% of control] |
|
Negative control (PBS) |
100 |
|
Positive control (5% SDS) |
3 |
|
Test substance |
92 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 Dec 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2013
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the study was conducted prior to the adoption of the test guideline, according to the draft version (dated 14 Aug 2008)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Slaughterhouse (Vitelco, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands)
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Eyes were collected and transported in physiological saline in a suitable container - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 750 µL
CONTROLS
- Negative control: 750 µL
- Positive controls: 750 µL
- Concentration of positive control solution: Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride 10% (w/v) in physiological saline and 99.9% ethanol - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 ± 1 min
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 120 ± 10 min
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Corneas were isolated and cultured in cMEM supplemented with 1% (v/v) foetal bovine serum and 1% (v/v) L-glutamine at 32 ± 1 °C for a minimum of 1 h prior to the start of the experiment. Opacity determinations were performed on each of the corneas using an opacitometer. Corneas that had an initial opacity reading higher than 3 were not used. Three corneas were selected at random for each treatment group.
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
Eyes were carefully examined for defects by holding the eyes submersed in physiological saline; those exhibiting unaccetable defects (opacity, scratches, pigmentation, neovascularisation) were discarded
TREATMENT METHOD
Each cornea was mounted in a cornea holder with the endothelial side against the O-ring of the posterior part of the holder. Afterwards, the anterior part of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea and fixed in place with screws. Both compartments of the holder were filled with incubation medium. For equilibration, the corneas in the holder were incubated in at 32 ± 1 °C for at least one hour.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: at least 3
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS
- Corneal opacity: Corneal opacity was determined by the amount of light transmission through the cornea via an opacitometer.
- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of microtiter plate reader (OD490)
SCORING SYSTEM
In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
In vitro score range In vitro classification
0 - 3 Non irritant
3.1 - 25 Mild irritant
25.1 - 55 Moderate irritant
55.1 - 80 Severe irritant
> 80 Very severe irritant
DECISION CRITERIA
The mean opacity and mean permeability values (OD490) were used for each treatment group to calculate an in vitro score:
In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) = mean opacity value + (15 x mean OD490 value)
The positive control in vitro irritancy score should be reasonably within the laboratory historical positive control data range.
- The uncorrected negative control in vitro irritancy score is less than 3.1 - Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- mean out of 3 eyes
- Value:
- 0.1
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- IVIS score of 157.9 for Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and 68.3 for ethanol, respectively
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Opacity
- Run / experiment:
- mean out of 3 eyes
- Value:
- 0
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- Mean opacity of 86 for Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and 24 for ethanol, respectively
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Permeability
- Run / experiment:
- mean out of 3 eyes
- Value:
- 0.009
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- Mean permeability of 4792 for Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and 2950 for ethanol, respectively
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The individual in vitro irritancy scores for the negative controls was 0 for all three corneas.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The individual positive control in vitro irritancy scores ranged from 145 to 165 for benzalkonium chloride and ranged from 60 to 83 for ethanol and were within the range of historical control data. The corneas treated with the positive control substances were opaque after the 10 minutes of treatment. Thus, the test system functioned properly.
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline:
- Negative control: Range = -1.0 - 2.2; Mean = 0.3; SD = 0.6; n = 41
- Positive control: Range = 113.8 - 202.7; Mean = 163.4; SD = 22.1; n = 42 - Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation(EC) No. 1272/2008
Reference
Table 1: Individual results
Eye No. | corrected final opacity | corrected final OD 450 | in vitro irritancy score | ||
individual | mean | ||||
negative control | 1 | 0 | 0.003 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
18 | 0 | -0.002 | 0 | ||
positive control A | 4 | 88 | 3.78 | 144.7 | 157.9 |
5 | 89 | 5.07 | 165.1 | ||
6 | 81 | 5.526 | 163.9 | ||
positive control B | 16 | 26 | 3.816 | 83.2 | 68.3 |
17 | 23 | 2.49 | 60.4 | ||
3 | 23 | 2.544 | 61.2 | ||
test substance | 13 | 0 | 0.006 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
14 | 0 | 0.023 | 0.3 | ||
15 | 0 | -0.002 | 0 |
A Benzalkonium chloride
B Ethanol
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation / corrosion
The skin corrosive potential of 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate was determined in an in vitro skin corrosion test using the EpiDerm™ model according to OECD guideline 431 (Notox, 2009). A concurrent negative and positive control was included. The skin corrosion is expressed as the cell viability after exposure to 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate. The relative mean tissue viability determined for the positive and negative control fell within the historical control data range and the respective controls were shown to be valid. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 3 min and 1 h treatment with 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate compared with the negative control tissue was 93% and 113%, respectively. Under the conditions of this study, 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate is considered to be not corrosive to the skin.
The skin irritancy potential of 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate was determined in an in vitro skin corrosion test using the EpiSkin-Standard Model™ according to an ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study protocol. The protocol was published as OECD guideline 439 in 2015 (Notox, 2009). The skin irritation is expressed as the cell viability after exposure to 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate. A concurrent negative and positive control was included and fell within the historical control data range, and the respective controls were shown to be valid. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 min exposure with 2-phenoxyethyl compared to the negative control tissue was 92%. Therefore, 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate is considered to be not irritant to the skin.
Eye irritation
The eye irritancy potential of 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate was determined in vitro using the Bovine Opacity and Permeability Test (BCOP test), according to the OECD guideline 437 draft version (Notox, 2009). The corneas treated with 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate showed opacity values of 0 and permeability values ranging from -0.002 to 0.023, the IVIS scores were 0.0-0.3. A negative and two positive controls were included; the IVIS scores for the controls fell within the cut-off values according to the current OECD guideline 437 and were considered to be valid. Based on the results of the BCOP test, 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate is considered to be not irritant to the eye.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available data on skin and eye irritation and corrosion with 2-phenoxyethyl octanoate do not meet the criteria for classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and are therefore conclusive but not sufficient for classification.
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