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EC number: 500-005-2 | CAS number: 9003-35-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Patch test was performed to study the skin sensitization potential of the test chemical.
P-F-Rs from Chemotechnique (2.5 and 5% in petrolatum) and P-F-R novolak from Hermal Chemie(5% petrolatum) produced a 3+ reaction.
It was concluded that the patient developed allergic reactions due to various P-F-Rs.
Hence, the test chemical can be considered to be sensitizing to skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Patch test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Patch test was performed to study the skin sensitization potential of the test chemical.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- patch test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- not specified
- Species:
- other: human
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: The Skin and Allergy Hospital,University of Helsinki, Finland
-Occupation: Mold worker
- Age at study initiation: 44 year - Route:
- epicutaneous, occlusive
- Vehicle:
- petrolatum
- Concentration / amount:
- 2.5 and 5% in petrolatum
- Adequacy of induction:
- not specified
- No.:
- #1
- Route:
- epicutaneous, occlusive
- Vehicle:
- petrolatum
- Concentration / amount:
- 2.5 and 5% in petrolatum
- Adequacy of challenge:
- not specified
- No. of animals per dose:
- 1 human
- Details on study design:
- MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: single
- Exposure period: no data available
- Test groups: test group
- Concentrations: 2.5 and 5% in petrolatum
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: single
- Test groups: test group
- Concentrations: 2.5 and 5% in petrolatum
- Evaluation (hr after challenge): no data available
OTHER: A mold worker was accidentally exposed to the test chemical when he lifted a barrel assumed to be empty. A liquid containing Urea-formaldehyde resin and free formaldehyde splashed on his face, hands and legs. He quickly washed the exposed areas with copious amount of water and took a shower. After 1 week, he developed eczema on the exposed areas.
Patch testing was performed at University Clinic. Allergic patch test reactions were provoked by the resin used at work and by Phenol-formaldehyde resin [PFR] (P-F-R, Epikon, 1+). After 2 years the patient developed eczema, cough, fever, respiratory distress. Investigations at the Institute revealed occupational asthma and allergic alveolitis. The patient was re-tested with various P-F-Rs.
P-F-Rs from Chemotechnique (2.5 and 5% in petrolatum) and P-F-R novolak from Hermal Chemie(5% petrolatum) produced a 3+ reaction. - Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 168
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 35 % urea phenol formaldehyde resin and 0.5% free formaldehyde
- No. with + reactions:
- 1
- Total no. in group:
- 1
- Clinical observations:
- Patient develops eczema on the exposed surface after 7 days. 2 year later he developed cough, respiratory distress, fever and eczema
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Sensitizing
- Conclusions:
- P-F-Rs from Chemotechnique (2.5 and 5% in petrolatum) and P-F-R novolak from Hermal Chemie(5% petrolatum) produced a 3+ reaction.
It was concluded that the patient developed allergic reactions due to various P-F-Rs.
Hence, the test chemical can be considered to be sensitizing to skin. - Executive summary:
Patch test was performed to study the skin sensitization potential of the test chemical.
A mold worker was accidentally exposed to the test chemical when he lifted a barrel assumed to be empty. A liquid containing Urea-formaldehyde resin and free formaldehyde splashed on his face, hands and legs. He quickly washed the exposed areas with copious amount of water and took a shower. After 1 week, he developed eczema on the exposed areas.
Patch testing was performed at University Clinic. Allergic patch test reactions were provoked by the resin used at work and by Phenol-formaldehyde resin [PFR] (P-F-R, Epikon, 1+). After 2 years the patient developed eczema, cough, fever, respiratory distress. Investigations at the Institute revealed occupational asthma and allergic alveolitis. The patient was re-tested with various P-F-Rs.
P-F-Rs from Chemotechnique (2.5 and 5% in petrolatum) and P-F-R novolak from Hermal Chemie(5% petrolatum) produced a 3+ reaction.
It was concluded that the patient developed allergic reactions due to various P-F-Rs.
Hence, the test chemical can be considered to be sensitizing to skin.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (sensitising)
- Additional information:
Various Patch tests were performed to determine the dermal sensitization potential of the test chemical. The results are summarized below:
Patch test was performed to study the skin sensitization potential of the test chemical.
A mold worker was accidentally exposed to the test chemical when he lifted a barrel assumed to be empty. A liquid containing Urea-formaldehyde resin and free formaldehyde splashed on his face, hands and legs. He quickly washed the exposed areas with copious amount of water and took a shower. After 1 week, he developed eczema on the exposed areas.
Patch testing was performed at University Clinic. Allergic patch test reactions were provoked by the resin used at work and by Phenol-formaldehyde resin [PFR] (P-F-R, Epikon, 1+). After 2 years the patient developed eczema, cough, fever, respiratory distress. Investigations at the Institute revealed occupational asthma and allergic alveolitis. The patient was re-tested with various P-F-Rs.
P-F-Rs from Chemotechnique (2.5 and 5% in petrolatum) and P-F-R novolak from Hermal Chemie(5% petrolatum) produced a 3+ reaction.
It was concluded that the patient developed allergic reactions due to various P-F-Rs.
Hence, the test chemical can be considered to be sensitizing to skin.
This is supported by a study which reports of Ten cases of contact dermatitis associated with the usage of the test chemical. The affected subjects include six foundry workers, two aircraft construction workers and one analytical chemist. Irritant contact dermatitis was identified in four persons with hand dermatitis, all with negative patch tests to PFR. Recycling of the hardened sand may be contributory. Two patients (cases 1 and 2) with allergic contact dermatitis were identified. Case 1, with dermatitis of the hands, was allergic to formaldehyde. Case 2, with an exposure pattern rash with generalised secondary spread, was shown to be allergic to his PFR. Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Resinated Laminates Two patients (cases 3 and 4), aircraft construction workers with hand dermatitis, were shown to be allergic to PFR which impregnated resinated laminates handled before they were hardened. Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Chemicals Used in Brake Linings One patient (case 5), an analytical chemist with exposure pattern dermatitis, was allergic to a combination of PFR, cashew nut formaldehyde resin and cashew nut oil. He worked for a company producing brakes and handled these materials in his work.
On the basis of observed positive allergic reaction to the skin it can be concluded that the test chemical was a skin sensitizer.
The above studies are further supported by Patch test conducted on 26 patients to determine the sensitization potential of the test chemical.
26 patients were patch tested with the basic substances phenol, formaldehyde and para tertiary-butyl phenol and the P-F-R 1 and P-F-R-2. 26 Human patients were applied a patch of 5% w/w Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction products with phenol in petrolatum.
Adverse reactions to the resins include depigmentation (3), irritant dermatitis chemical burns (5) and allergic contact dermatitis of immediate were observed.
Since the positive reaction were observed in human when patch of Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction products with phenol is applied. It can be concluded that the Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction products with phenol is skin sensitizer.
The results from the available studies indicate a very strong possibility that the test chemical can be indeed sensitizing to skin.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
The results from the available studies indicate a very strong possibility that the test chemical can be indeed sensitizing to skin.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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