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EC number: 500-005-2 | CAS number: 9003-35-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The objective of the study was to determine toxicity of test chemical to aquatic alge for 24 h.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Details on test solutions
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: green algae
- Method of cultivation: Scenedesmus quadricauda was cultured in the nutrient solution prepared according to Holm Hansen
- Age of inoculum : ten days old - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8
- Details on test conditions:
- OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: A fluorescent lamp (40 W, 4500 K) and Sylvania (40 W) lamp - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Phenol and formaldehyde
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 27 other: v/v%
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: oxygen production and consumption rates
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 57.5 other: v/v%
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: oxygen production and consumption rates
- Details on results:
- Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of alage Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the EC10 and EC50 was determine to be 27.0 and 57.5 v/v%, respectively.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Effective concentrations (EC10, EC50) for algae were calculated using linear regression analysis (APHA-AWWA-WEF)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of alage Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the EC10 and EC50 was determine to be 27.0 and 57.5 v/v%, respectively.
- Executive summary:
Short term toxicity of test chemical present in industrial wastewater was determine on the growth rate of aquatic algae. Toxicity to algae was evaluated by measuring the oxygen production and consumption rates following exposure to the test chemical. Standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. The pH and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. The oxygen production and consumption rates were measured on Warburg apparatus and the effective concentrations (EC10, EC50) for algae were calculated using linear regression analysis. Study also involves the finding out whether the effect of pure phenol and formaldehyde to aquatic organisms was similar to that produced by the mixture of both in the wastewater. Test was performed on ten days old Scenedesmus quadricauda for 24 hours of exposure period. The test organism was cultured in the nutrient solution prepared according to Holm Hansen under continuous illumination (3000 lx). Continuous illumination was provided by a fluorescent lamp (40 W, 4500 K) and Sylvania (40 W) lamp. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the EC10 and EC50 was determine to be 27.0 and 57.5 v/v%, respectively. On the basis of EC50 value and as chemical is readily biodegradable in water, we can concluded that test chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Reference
Table: Toxicity of phenol and formaldehyde to Scenedesmus quadricauda
Scenedesmus quadricauda | Phenol (mg/L) | Formaldehyde (mg/L) |
24h EC10 | 184 | 3.6 |
24h EC50 |
403 | 14.7 |
24h EC90 | 882 |
60.3 |
Description of key information
Study was conducted to determine median effective concentration of test chemical. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of alage Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the EC10 and EC50 was determine to be 27.0 and 57.5 v/v%, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Following different studies includes experimental study for the target chemical to observe the toxicity of test chemical to aquatic algae.
In first study, short term toxicity of test chemical present in industrial wastewater was determine on the growth rate of aquatic algae. Toxicity to algae was evaluated by measuring the oxygen production and consumption rates following exposure to the test chemical. Standard sock solution were prepared in distilled water according to the standard method. Appropriate dilutions of industrial wastewater were then prepared using water from the source of the receiving stream. The pH and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. The oxygen production and consumption rates were measured on Warburg apparatus and the effective concentrations (EC10, EC50) for algae were calculated using linear regression analysis. Study also involves the finding out whether the effect of pure phenol and formaldehyde to aquatic organisms was similar to that produced by the mixture of both in the wastewater. Chemical was analytically monitored. Test was performed on ten days old Scenedesmus quadricauda for 24 hours of exposure period. The test organism was cultured in the nutrient solution prepared according to Holm Hansen under continuous illumination (3000 lx). Continuous illumination was provided by a fluorescent lamp (40 W, 4500 K) and Sylvania (40 W) lamp. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the EC10 and EC50 was determine to be 27.0 and 57.5 v/v%, respectively. On the basis of EC50 value and as chemical is readily biodegradable in water, we can concluded that test chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
The aim of the second study was to determine the effect of test chemical present in industrial wastewater on the aquatic green algae by providing the exposure period of 24 hrs. Toxicity to algae was evaluated by measuring the oxygen production and consumption rates following exposure to the test chemical. The untreated wastewater samples from a chemical industry producing test chemical were taken at the site of wastewater discharge into the river. The 24 h flow proportional wastewater samples were collected and transported to the laboratory in coolers with icepacks. The samples were stored in the dark at 4°C for analyses performed within three days, or frozen at –18°C until use. All wastewater samples were used for testing without any pre-treatment. The test organisms were exposed to different concentrations of test chemicals. Based on the oxygen production and consumption rates of algae Scenedesmus quadricauda by the test chemical exposure for 24 hrs, the median effect concentration (EC50) of test material was determined to be 57.7 v/v% . On the basis of EC50 value and as chemical is readily biodegradable in water, we can concluded that test chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
On the basis of above determined EC50 values and as chemical is readily biodegradable in water, we can concluded that test chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
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