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EC number: 231-163-8 | CAS number: 7440-55-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- As gallium is quite insoluble (ca 46 µg/L) toxicity testing has been performed with gallium(III) nitrate hydrate, which has a higher water solubilty. A read-across approach is followed assuming that the toxicity of gallium (III) nitrate hydrate is completely attributed to the dissolved gallium ion. Even if the nitrate ion would contribute partly to the toxicity of the substance, it is considered worst case to completely attribute the toxicity to the gallium ion.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- gallium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.65 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.63 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Gallium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The following results for the test item Gallium(III) nitrate hydrate were determined:
Results of the test item (based on dissolved Gallium concentration)
Endpoint NOEC LOEC EC10 EC50
Growth Rate < 0.3 mg/L ≤ 0.3 mg/L 0.46 mg/L 14.65 mg/L
Yield < 0.3 mg/L ≤ 0.3 mg/L n.d. 0.63 mg/L - Executive summary:
The study was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 5.8 to 581 mg/L (test item) and respectively 1 to 100 mg/L Gallium (III) nominal concentration. Incubation time (test system Desmodesmus subspicatus) was 72 hours. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring the cell numbers every 24 hours with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate μ and the yield1 were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times.
Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed in all tested concentrations.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of Gallium (Ga) as part of the test item (17.2 % Gallium content) in the test solutions was determined using ICP-OES - determination. The measured values are not in the range ± 20% of the nominal value. A precipitation of
the test item was observed when adjusting the pH during the preparation of the stock solution for the test solutions and during the preparation of the stock solution for the stability test for the validation of the analytical method. The deviation from the 20% of the nominal value can therefore be explained. This is again confirmed by the very small margin of the % of nominal values observed for the test solutions (25 - 27%) and for the stability samples (25 - 30%). Therefore, the results are related to the geometric mean value of the measurements at the start and the end of the exposure (t = 0 and 72 h, respectively) (cf. OECD Guideline No. 201).
The results are given in relation to the dissolved test item content and additionally in relation to the dissolved Ga content. Due to the high inhibitory values, no EC10 value (yield) can be calculated.
The 72h-EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
The following results for the test item Gallium(III) nitrate hydrate were determined:
Results of the test item (based on dissolved test item concentration)
Endpoint NOEC LOEC EC10 EC50
Growth Rate < 1.5 mg/L ≤ 1.5 mg/L 2.54 mg/L 85.58 mg/L
Yield < 1.5 mg/L ≤ 1.5 mg/L n.d. 3.35 mg/L
Results of the test item (based on dissolved Gallium concentration)
Endpoint NOEC LOEC EC10 EC50
Growth Rate < 0.3 mg/L ≤ 0.3 mg/L 0.46 mg/L 14.65 mg/L
Yield < 0.3 mg/L ≤ 0.3 mg/L n.d. 0.63 mg/L
Reference
Description of key information
A GLP conform study was performed on toxicity of gallium(III) nitrate hydrate towards the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus according to the OECD 201 guideline. The results were expressed based on the measured dissolved Ga concentration.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 14.65 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.46 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.