Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 213-180-2 | CAS number: 928-70-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Based on the available information, potassium isoamyl xanthate is considered inherently biodegradable. Xanthates have been found to be biodegradable in ready biodegradability test and in inherent biodegradability test indicating that the substance is not persistent. However, based on the knowledge of the degradation at the relevant environmental conditions, the degradation cannot be considered to be rapid. This is based on the reported half-lives and the fact that biodegradation is not expected as an important process in the tailings ponds. The substance is not fully mineralized but rapidly degraded to less degradable degradation products and this has to be considered in the assessment. In addition, some of the degradation products are more toxic to aquatic organisms (e.g hydrogen sulphide) than the parent substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable
Additional information
Purity of the target substance (potassium isoamyl xanthate; PIAX) is 84 %. It contains also 11% of another analogue xanthate potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) as an impurity. Therefore, the read-across data on PAX was used in the weight of evidence approach to evaluate the biodegradation of the target substance. In addition, as the xanhates have a similar degradation behavior, data on other analogue substances were used for this endpoint as no valid results were available for PIAX. The read-across justifications are presented in Annex I of the CSR.
Ready biodegradability of the aqueous analogue and impurity n-amyl xanthate (PAX) was screened in a study conducted according to ISO 7827, corresponding to OECD Guideline 301 A (new version, Ready biodegradability: DOC die away test). Initial test concentration was 30 mg/L, pH 7.2 and temperature 25oC. 74 % of PAX was degraded in 8 days. The determined half-life was 3.94 days, and reaction rate k 0.1758 1/day (Chen et al.1988). The study was considered as reliable with restrictions and used part of the weight-of-evidence approach for hazard assessment and classification and labeling of the substance.
Chen et al.(1988) also reported carbon disulphide, monothiocarbonate and dixanthogen to accumulate in the test system. The findings suggest slower biodegradation rate for PIAX having a branched alkyl chain.
PAX was also found biodegradable in 5 days by sewage sludge under laboratory conditions at levels of 1 and 10 mg/L in an older study of Read and Manser (1973). No inhibitory effects on microbes were found at above 25 mg/L concentrations. The findings are consistent with the results of Chen et al.(1988).
Biodegradability of another read-across substance potassium isobutyl xanthate (PIBX) was assessed in a modified Zahn-Wellens test (OECD 302 B). 98 % of the test substance was degraded in 12 days. As 75 % of the substance was degraded in 5 days, the result suggest that PIBX is inherently biodegradable (Hoecst 1987).
Carbon disulphide, monothiocarbonate and dixanthogen were found to accumulate in the test system of the standard biodegradability screening tests reviewed.
Both 3-methylbutan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol are readily biodegradable. The studies of Langley (1970) and Gerhold & Malaney (1966) is included as surrogates of available published data..
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.