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EC number: 914-920-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Static renewal test in 100 ml beakers with one control and 6 treatments for 28 days. Solution was renewed three times per week, and survival, molting, and reproduction was recorded. The range of treatment means was 0.19 - 4.26 µg/L Al.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all concentrations
- Sampling method: sample collection timing not reported. Samples were most likely drawn into 15 ml tubes and acidified with 1 drop of 1.0 N HNO3 - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: daphnid
- Source: commercially available source, Aquatic Life Company, Minneapolis, MN.
- Age at study initiation: neonates 12 ± 12 hrs old
- Method of breeding: used a series of 250 ml beakers containing 200 ml water with food at a concentration of 30 mg/L in each beaker. Water was totally renewed three times per week with approximately 5 adult daphnia per beaker transferred to the new solution. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- pH:
- 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.81 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range of measured treatment means: 0.19-4.26 µg/L total Al and 0.14-0.71 mg/L supernatant
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml beakers filled with 50 ml solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1 x 10 vessels
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: well water tapping the Jordan sandstone stratum underlying the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, with iron catalytically removed
- Alkalinity: 211 mg/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: survival, neonates, and adult molts were counted every three days with renewal of solution
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.7, 1.5, 2.4, 3.3, 8.4, 17 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.89 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.61 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All chronic test data were examined by one-way analysis of variance with treatment differences separated by Dunnett's procedure (one-tailed) at an alpha = 0.05 (Steele and Torre, 1960).
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Semi-static, chronic toxicty study with Daphnia magna
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Unfiltered lake water strained through #20 bolting cloth was used for all rearing and testing, thus including some nutrients from bacteria, algae, and detritus in the water.
Stock solutions was aged for at least 4 days to allow them to become chemically equilibrated before being used for testing animals. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: laboratory clone originally obtained from the University of Michigan
- Age at study initiation: 12 ± 12 hrs.
- Method of breeding:
- Type and amount of food: 1 mL/L suspension of food (prepared by adding 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 mL of Lake Superior water and mixing vigorously in a blender for 5 min; suspension was strained through #20 bolting cloth; the blender was rinsed with an additonal 50 mL of lake water, and the rinse water was added to the suspension)
- Feeding frequency: twice weekly
- Feeding during test:
- Food type: suspension of food (prepared by adding 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 mL of Lake Superior water and mixing vigorously in a blender for 5 min; suspension was strained through #20 bolting cloth; the blender was rinsed with an additonal 50 mL of lake water, and the rinse water was added to the suspension)
- Amount: 1 mL/L
- Frequency: once weekly - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- Total hardness: 44- 53(mean 45.3) µg/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.4-8.2 (mean 7.74)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Near saturation at all times. At dawn, before the lights came on, the concentration was ~9 mg/L; late in the day oxygen sometimes slightly exceeded saturation because of photosynthesis by algae.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL beaker with 200 mL of water
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): at the end of one week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- temperature: 18 ± 1 °C
- Photoperiod: 16 hr light : 8hr dark
- Light intensity: approx. 115 footcandle at the air-water interface
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Chloride: 1170 - 1340 (mean 1217) µg/L
- Alkalinity: 41- 50 (mean 42.3) µg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: total Al
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC16
- Effect conc.:
- 0.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: total Al
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The results from all tests for each toxicant concentration were pooled for statistical analysis. Results were statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96: 99 -113) for establishing approximations of the 95% confidence limits for survival. The terminology recommended by Sprague (1969, Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity, Water Res. 3: 793 -821), lethal concentration (LC), was used for survival and represents an interpolation from three or more partial-effect concentrations.
Reproductive effects were analyzed in a similar manner excluding confidence limits, but are given in terms of reproductive impairment by percentage. Both 50 and 16% reproduction-impairment concentrations are given. These values imply decreases in the total number of young produced as compared with the controls or the maximum production at alow metal concentration. Reproduction was usually stimulated by small metal additions. the 16% reproductive-impairment concentration is given since it represented a minimal reproducible value below which the variability in reproduction could not be detected from controls.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna in 28 day chronic test:
Concentration (mg/L total) |
Percentage Survival |
Mean young per female per day |
Mean young per female |
0 |
70 |
5.26 |
101.5 |
0.19 |
60 |
5.96 |
118.1 |
0.29 |
70 |
4.67 |
93.3 |
0.54 |
70 |
4.83 |
88.0 |
1.02 |
50 |
5.71 |
100.3 |
1.89 |
40 |
4.29 |
68.5 |
4.26 |
20 |
2.07 * |
40.3 * |
* - Significantly different at p = 0.05
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
No reliable studies on the acute toxicity of reaction mass of aluminium hydroxide and aluminium nitrate and aluminium sulphate to invertebrates are available. Therefore, a weight of evidence approach is applied and data are read-across to various aluminium compounds based on an analogue approach.
Two non-guideline studies are available one from Kimball (1978) who used aluminium sulfate and one from Biesinger and Christensen (1972) with aluminium chloride. Kimball reported an NOEC of 1.89 mg/L (measured total aluminium and pH of 8.3) for the reproduction and Biesinger and Christensen report an LC50 of 1.4 mg/L for the parameter immobilization after 21 days (pH 7.4-8.2).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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