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EC number: 200-826-3 | CAS number: 74-97-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- specific investigations: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 960
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Determination of the maximum single exposure resulting in no detectable organic injury.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- in vivo
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bromochloromethane
- EC Number:
- 200-826-3
- EC Name:
- Bromochloromethane
- Cas Number:
- 74-97-5
- Molecular formula:
- CH2BrCl
- IUPAC Name:
- bromo(chloro)methane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): bromochloromethane
- Analytical purity: >99%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- CHAMBER DESCRIPTION: 160-liter capacity glass-walled chamber.
The exposures were made by introducing the groups of rats into established vapour concentrations by quickly dropping them through entry tubes on the top of the chambers. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Concentrations were checked from time to time before and during exposure by combustion analysis. The results were generally within 10% of the calculated values.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- From 0.1 h to 7 h.
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single exposures.
- Post exposure period:
- Animals were killed the following day of exposure.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
600, 800, 1500, 5000, 10000 and 40000 ppm.
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Control groups: between 8 and 10 rats/group.
Treated groups: between 4 and 5 rats/group. - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
Examinations
- Examinations:
- - Necropsy of survivors performed: yes. After exposure, the exposed and control rats were killed in a fasted condition by decapitation. Gross pathological examination was made.
- Other examinations performed: organ weights and histopathology. After gross observation, the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were removed and weighed. Portions of these organs, as well as the pancreas and adrenals were fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin-cosin for microscopic examination. In addition to the hematoxylin-eosin stain, a special fat stain, Oil Red O, was used on many of the sections. - Positive control:
- None.
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- - Gross pathology: No significant gross pathological changes were seen.
- Organ weights: increases in organ weights were seen in the kidney and the liver. SIgnificant increases in liver weight ofter accompanied histopathological changes of this organ.
- Histopathology: microscopic evidence of organic injurywas detected only in the liver. The degree of injury was slight being characterized by very small vacuoles distributed throughout the parenchyma but not typical of fatty degeneration.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Summary of Single Vapour Exposures of Female Rats to Bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl) to Determine Organic Injury.
Calc. vapour conc. ppm |
Dur. Of exp. (h) |
No. of rats |
Control group* |
Average body weight (g) |
Average Organ Weights, g/100 g body weight |
Histopathology |
||||||
Before exposure |
Starved |
Lung |
Heart |
Liver |
Kidney |
Spleen |
Liver |
Kidney |
||||
0 |
0 |
8 |
Series A |
145 |
138 |
0.76 |
0.43 |
3.08 |
0.83 |
0.43 |
N |
N |
0 |
0 |
10 |
Series B |
142 |
134 |
0.85 |
0.47 |
3.36 |
0.90 |
0.47 |
N |
N |
0 |
0 |
10 |
Series C |
149 |
140 |
0.81 |
0.46 |
2.92 |
0.86 |
0.26 |
N |
N |
40,000 |
0.1 |
4 |
A |
138 |
131 |
0.82 |
0.49 |
3.76b |
0.93b |
0.38 |
+ |
N |
40,000 |
0.05 |
4 |
A |
140 |
138 |
0.88 |
0.47 |
3.52a |
0.88 |
0.36 |
¼ ± |
N |
40,000 |
0.025 |
5 |
C |
145 |
136 |
0.74 |
0.47 |
2.84 |
0.87 |
0.27 |
N |
N |
10,000 |
0.7 |
4 |
A |
157 |
149 |
0.73 |
0.45 |
3.81b |
0.91a |
0.46 |
+ |
N |
10,000 |
0.4 |
4 |
A |
151 |
142 |
0.77 |
0.46 |
3.60b |
0.91 |
0.61 |
± |
N |
10,000 |
0.2 |
4 |
A |
147 |
138 |
0.86 |
0.47 |
3.38a |
0.87 |
0.48 |
2/4± |
N |
10,000 |
0.1 |
5 |
B |
145 |
127 |
0.81 |
0.49 |
3.32 |
0.89 |
0.37 |
N |
N |
10,000 |
0.05 |
5 |
B |
136 |
126 |
0.87 |
0.50 |
3.32 |
0.94 |
0.34 |
N |
N |
5,000 |
7.0 |
4 |
A |
156 |
137 |
0.99 |
0.50 |
4.38c |
1.01b |
0.39 |
+ |
± |
5,000 |
0.5 |
5 |
B |
136 |
127 |
0.88 |
0.48 |
3.56 |
0.91 |
0.49 |
¼ ± |
N |
5,000 |
0.3 |
5 |
B |
146 |
138 |
0.95 |
0.46 |
3.47 |
0.93 |
0.46 |
N |
N |
5,000 |
0.2 |
5 |
B |
136 |
128 |
0.77 |
0.48 |
3.23 |
0.92 |
0.53 |
N |
N |
5,000 |
0.1 |
5 |
B |
139 |
130 |
0.77 |
0.48 |
3.23 |
0.92 |
0.50 |
N |
N |
1,500 |
7.0 |
4 |
A |
146 |
136 |
0.85 |
0.50 |
3.60a |
0.91a |
0.40 |
+ |
N |
1,500 |
3.0 |
5 |
C |
147 |
139 |
0.75 |
0.47 |
3.04 |
0.87 |
0.26 |
N |
N |
1,500 |
2.0 |
5 |
C |
146 |
137 |
0.79 |
0.47 |
3.11 |
0.88 |
0.30 |
N |
N |
1,500 |
1.5 |
5 |
C |
147 |
138 |
0.78 |
0.46 |
2.88 |
0.86 |
0.26 |
N |
N |
800 |
7.0 |
4 |
A |
154 |
143 |
0.77 |
0.45 |
3.36 |
0.85 |
0.41 |
± |
N |
600 |
7.0 |
5 |
C |
151 |
140 |
0.70 |
0.45 |
2.86 |
0.90 |
0.26 |
N |
N |
* Since exposures were made in three series (A, B, C), each series has its own set of controls.
a = P = 0.01 to 0.05; b = P = 0.001 to 0.01; c = P = <0.001; N = normal when compared to controls; ± = questionable response; + = Very slight; ++ = Slight; +++ = Moderate; ++++ = Severe; +++++ = Very severe.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The maximum exposures judged to be without detectable organic changes were 0.025 hour at 40,000 ppm; 0.1 hour at 10,000 ppm; 0.3 hour at 5,000 ppm; 3 hours at 1,500 ppm; and 7 hours at 600 ppm.
- Executive summary:
In the present study, female rats were used to determine the maximum single exposures to bromochloromethane resulting in no detectable organic injury. The animals were exposed by inhalation to 600, 800, 1500, 5000, 10000 and 40000 ppm of bromochloromethane, from 0.1 to 7 hours. The exposed rats, as well as the control groups, were exposed after exposure and were subjected to a gross pathological examination. The lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were weighed and examinated microscopically. No significant gross pathological changes were ween. Microscopic evidence of organic injury was detected only in the liver although increases in organ weights were also seen in the kidney. The degree of injury was slight being characterized by very small vacuoles distributed throughout the parenchyma but not typical of fatty degeneration. Significant increases in liver weight often accompanied histopathological changes of this organ. The maximum exposures to bromochloromethane judged to be without detectable organic changes were 0.025 hour at 40,000 ppm; 0.1 hour at 10,000 ppm; 0.3 hour at 5,000 ppm; 3 hours at 1,500 ppm; and 7 hours at 600 ppm.
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