Eucalyptus radiata australiana, ext.

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1987

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm

Duration of test (contact time):

2 wk

Initial conc.:

100 other: ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

88

Sampling time:

2 wk

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 88%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 89%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, p-cymene was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, p-cymene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 ppm test concentration, 88% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.

 

Under the test conditions, p-cymene was readily biodegradable.

 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1988-12-28

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm

Duration of test (contact time):

4 wk

Initial conc.:

100 other: ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

94

Sampling time:

4 wk

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 94%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 77%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, Terpinene gamma was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, 1,4 -p-menthadiene (Terpinene gamma) was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 ppm test concentration, 94% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 4 weeks.

 

Under the test conditions, Terpinene gamma was readily biodegradable.

 

Reference 3

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

From June 09 to July 08, 2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 301 D with only minor deviations.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent oxygen consumption due to nitrification (omission does not result in nitrogen limitation); activated sludge instead of an effluent/extract/mixture was used as inoculum

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

- Source of secondary activated sludge: Activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic waste water (Nieuwgraaf, Duiven, The Netherlands)
- Preconditioning: 400 mg Dry Weight (DW)/L of activated sludge was aerated for one week and then diluted in the BOD bottles
- Concentration of sludge: 400 mg DW/L

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

2 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Nutrient medium contained per liter of deionised water: 8.5 mg KH2PO4, 21.75 mg K2HPO4, 33.3 mg Na2HPO4.2H2O, 22.5 mg MgSO4.7H2O, 27.5 mg CaCI2, 0.25 mg FeCI3.6H2O
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionised water containing no more than 0.01 mg/L Cu was prepared in a water purification system.
- Test temperature: 22-24 °C
- pH (at start of test): 7.0; pH (at end of test): 6.8 (control, control with silica gel and test)
- Continuous darkness: Yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 0.30 L BOD (biological oxygen demand) bottles with glass stoppers
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 10 bottles containing only inoculum, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel dosed with test substance, and 6 bottles containing sodium acetate and inoculum
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: Yes

MEASURING EQUIPMENTS:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined electrochemically using an oxygen electrode (WTW TrioXmatic EO 200) and meter (WTW OXI 530) (Retsch, Ochten, The Netherlands)
- pH was measured using a Knick 765 calimatic pH meter (Elektronische Messgerate GmbH, Germany).
- Temperature was measured and recorded with a sensor connected to a data logger.

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Two duplicate bottles of all series were withdrawn for analyses of the dissolved oxygen concentration at Days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes; containing inoculum only
- Procedure control: Yes; containing reference substance (sodium acetate) with inoculated medium
- Toxicity control: No; test material was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the biodegradation test
- Other: Containing inoculum and silica gel

Reference substance:

acetic acid, sodium salt

Remarks:

6.7 mg/L; source: Acros organics, Belgium; purity: > 99%

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

The validity of the test is demonstrated by an endogenous respiration of 1.0 mg/L at day 28. Sodium acetate was degraded 83% of its ThOD after 28 days. The validity of the test is also shown by oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L in all bottles during the test period.

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

76

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

Initial test material concentration: 2 mg/L
- Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 3.3 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 3: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 13: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 28 = 76%

Results with reference substance:

- Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 0.8 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 1: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 6: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 14 = 83%

Table 5.2.1/1: Dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/L) in the closed bottles

 

Time (days)	Oxygen concentration (mg/L)
	Ocs	Ot	Oc	Oa
0	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
Mean (M)	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
7	7.8	5.7	8	3.9
	8	5.7	7.9	3.9
Mean (M)	7.9	5.7	8	3.9
14	7.8	3.3	7.7	3.4
	7.6	3.5	7.8	3.2
Mean (M)	7.7	3.4	7.8	3.3
21	7.7	3	7.8
	7.6	2.8	7.6
Mean (M)	7.7	2.9	7.7
28	7.6	2.6	7.5
	7.6	2.6	7.6
Mean (M)	7.6	2.6	7.6

O_cs: Mineral nutrient solution without test material but with inoculum and silica gel

O_t: Mineral nutrient solution with test material (2.0 mg/L), silica gel, and inoculum

O_c: Mineral nutrient solution with only inoculum

O_a: Mineral nutrient solution with sodium acetate (6.7 mg/L) and with inoculum

 

Table 5.2.1/2: Oxygen consumption (mg/L) and the percentages biodegradation of the test substance, β-pinene (BOD/ThOD) and sodium acetate (BOD/ThOD) in the Closed Bottle test.

 

Time (days)	Oxygen consumption (mg/L)		Biodegradation (%)
	Test substance	Acetate	Test substance	Acetate
0	0	0	0	0
7	2.2	4.1	33	76
14	4.3	4.5	65	83
21	4.8		74
28	5		76

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L; differences of the replicate values at Day 28 were < 20%; degradation in reference material was 83% at Day 14; O2 concentration during the test was > 0.5 mg/L

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, β-pinene was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D and GLP, β-pinene was tested at concentrations of 2 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sewage sludge, domestic. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. The test treatments, inoculum blank, and reference (sodium acetate) were measured in duplicates.

 

At 2 mg/L test concentration, greater than 10% biodegradation of the test substance was reached on Day 3 and greater than 60% biodegradation was reached on Day 13. Hence, the test material met the 14 day window requirement for ready biodegradability. On Day 28, the biodegradation was 76%.

 

The reference material, sodium acetate, reached greater than 60% biodegradation on Day 6. β-pinene was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the test. Hence, the study met the validity criteria for reference material and toxicity control. The endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L and oxygen concentration during the test was greater than 0.5 mg/L.

 

Under the test conditions, β-pinene was readily biodegradable.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1987

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm

Duration of test (contact time):

2 wk

Initial conc.:

100 other: ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

86

Sampling time:

2 wk

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 86%
- Direct analysis (GC): 99%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 87%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, myrcene beta was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 ppm test concentration, 86% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.

 

Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.

 

Reference 5

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1978

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm

Duration of test (contact time):

2 wk

Initial conc.:

100 other: ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

84.6

Sampling time:

2 wk

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 84.6%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 93%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, alpha-terpineol was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-terpineol was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 ppm test concentration, 84.6% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.

 

Under the test conditions, alpha-terpineol was readily biodegradable.

 

Reference 6

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

From 1997.09.25 to 1997.11.11

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301F with GLP statement. All validity criteria were fulfilled and no deviations were observed.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
None

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Aïre) was used. The sludge is collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day.

Dry weight of suspended solids: 2.342 g/L.
To obtain a concentration of 30 mg/L (dry weight) in a 250 mL flask, 3.20 mL of sludge is needed (inoculum).

Duration of test (contact time):

38 d

Initial conc.:

100 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The mineral medium was prepared by mixing 50 mL of solution A (8.5g of KH2PO4 + 21.75g of K2HPO4 + 33.4g of Na2HPO4.2H2O + 0.5g of NH4Cl, dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and 2L deionised water, adding 5 mL of each of the solutions B (27.5g of CaCl2, dissolved in water and made up to 1L), C (22.5g of MgSO4.7H2O, dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and D (0.25g of FeCl3.6H2O + one drop of HCl Conc., dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and making up to 5L with deionised water.
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): not applicable
- Test temperature: 22°C
- pH adjusted: the pH of the mineral medium is measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4 +/- 0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide. At the start of the test, the pH of each flask is not measured but assumed to be the same as the mineral medium (7.31), in order not to remove any floating undissolved test substance from the test medium by dipping a glass electrode in it. Neutral test substances, even sodium benzoate, were shown not to affect the pH of the medium by more than 0.1 pH unit.
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 250 mL flasks
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: no data
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: not applicable
- Measuring equipment: The respirometer used during this study is a SAPROMAT D 12, made by J. M. VOITH GmbH, D-7920 Heidenheim.
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- Test performed in open system: no

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes (mineral medium + inoculum)
- Positive control: yes (mineral medium + 100 mg/L reference substance + inoculum)
- Toxicity control: yes (mineral medium + 100 mg/L test chemical + 100 mg/L reference substance + inoculum)

Reference substance:

benzoic acid, sodium salt

Preliminary study:

Not applicable

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

82

Sampling time:

28 d

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

82

Sampling time:

38 d

Details on results:

See tables in "Any other information on results incl. tables" and graph in "Attached background material".

Results with reference substance:

94% biodegradation after 14 days and 97% biodegradation after 28 days. See table 5.2.1/3 in "Any other information on results incl. tables"

Table 5.2.1/2: Biological Oxygen Demand and percentage of biodegradation of the test substance

Days :			3	7	13	21	28	38
BOD Sludge	1rst flask	B1	14.0	19.0	21.0	23.0	26.0	27.0
	2^ndflask	B2	11.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	23.0	24.0
	Mean	B	12.5	17.0	19.5	22.0	24.5	25.5
BOD Test subs.	1rst flask	C1	72.7	150.1	219.7	249.1	258.9	259.0
	2^ndflask	C2	90.7	171.4	238.3	263.0	267.9	267.9
	1rst fl. corr.	C1-B	60.2	133.1	200.2	227.1	234.4	233.5
	2^ndfl. Corr.	C2-B	78.2	154.4	218.8	241.0	243.4	242.4
% degr.	1rst flask	D1	21	46	69	78	81	81
	2^ndflask	D2	27	53	75	83	84	84
	mean	D	24	50	72	81	82	82

B = (B1 + B2) / 2

D1 = 100 * (C1 - B) / ThOD * [S]

D2 = 100 * (C2 - B) / ThOD * [S]

D = (D1 + D2) / 2

ThOD = 2.90 mg O2/mg

[S] = Initial test substance concentration (mg/L)

Table 5.2.1/3: Biological Oxygen Demand and percentage of biodegradation of the reference substance

Days :			5	7	10	14	21	28
BOD Sludge	1rst flask	B1	17.0	19.0	20.0	22.0	23.0	26.0
	2^ndflask	B2	14.0	15.0	16.0	19.0	21.0	23.0
	Mean	B	15.0	17.0	18.0	20.5	22.0	24.5
BOD Ref subs.	1rst flask	A1	141.0	158.0	168.0	176.0	180.0	185.0
	2^ndflask	A2	145.0	162.0	172.0	178.0	182.0	186.0
	1rst fl. corr.	A1-B	125.5	141.0	150.0	155.5	158.0	160.5
	2^ndfl. Corr.	A2-B	129.5	145.0	154.0	157.5	160.0	161.5
% degr.	1rst flask	D1	75	85	90	93	95	96
	2^ndflask	D2	78	87	92	95	96	97
	mean	D	77	86	91	94	95	97

B = (B1 + B2) / 2

D1 = 100 * (A1 - B) / ThOD * [S]

D2 = 100 * (A2 - B) / ThOD * [S]

D = (D1 + D2) / 2

ThOD = 1.67 mg O2/mg

[S] = Initial reference substance concentration (mg/L)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Eucalyptol undergoes 82% biodegradation after 28 days in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 72% at the end of the 10 -day window (days 3 to 13). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Eucalyptol + reference substance show no toxic effect of Eucalyptol on the micro-organisms at the test concentration.

Executive summary:

This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301F with GLP statement.

A measured volume of inoculated mineral medium, containing a known concentration of test substance (100 mg/L) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon, is stirred in a closed flask at a constant temperature (22 +/-1°C) for up to 38 days. The consumption of oxygen is determined by measuring the quantity of oxygen (produced electrolytically) required to maintain constant the gas volume in the respirometer flask. Evolved carbon dioxide is absorbed in soda lime pellets. The amount of oxygen taken up by the microbial population during biodegradation of the test chemical (corrected for uptake by blank inoculum, run in parallel) is expressed as a percentage of ThOD (Theoretical Oxygen Demand, calculated from the elemental composition, assuming that carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water).

As suggested in the guideline, the toxicity of the test chemical for the inoculum is checked. Therefore, a pair of flasks of the volumetric respirometer (SAPROMAT) are filled with mineral medium + test chemical (100 mg/L) + reference substance (sodium benzoate, 100 mg/L) + inoculum and their respirations are recorded as for the other flasks. If they are lower than those of the flasks containing mineral medium + reference substance (100 mg/L) + inoculum, the test chemical can be assumed to be inhibitory to the inoculum used.

Eucalyptol undergoes 82% biodegradation after 28 days (also after 38 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 72% at the end of the 10 -day window (days 3 to 13). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Eucalyptol + reference substance show no toxic effect of Eucalyptol on the micro-organisms at the test concentration.

In conclusion, Eucalyptol should be regarded as readily biodegradable according to this test.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

2007

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

100 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

>= 90 - <= 95

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 91, 90 and 95%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100, 100 and 100%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-pinene was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 mg/L test concentration, 90 -95% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 28 days.

 

Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.

 

Reference 8

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1980

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no detail on material and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm

Duration of test (contact time):

14 d

Initial conc.:

100 other: ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Details on study design:

No data

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

>= 41 - <= 98

Sampling time:

14 d

Details on results:

- Indirect analysis (BOD): 41, 81 and 98%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 50, 73 and 81%

Results with reference substance:

No data

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, Limonene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.

At 100 ppm test concentration, 41-98% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 14 days.

 

Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.

 

Description of key information

Based on a Weight of Evidence approach, it can be possible to consider that registrered substance is readily biodegradable. All major constituents are readily biodegradable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Type of water:

freshwater

Additional information

Based on a Weight of Evidence approach, all major constituents of the registered substance are considered readily biodegradable (see table below).

Constituents	Range in the mixture	Biodegradation results	Reference in IUCLID 6
1,8-cineol	60-80%	Readily biodegradable	1,8-cineol, 470-82-6, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, Rudio, 1997, RS, W
alpha-terpineol	4-14%	Readily biodegradable	alpha-terpineol, 98-55-5, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1978, RS, W
(d,l)-limonene	0-15%	Readily biodegradable	(d,l)-limonene, 138-86-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1980, RS, W
alpha-pinene	0-5%	Readily biodegradable	alpha-pinene, 80-56-8, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 2007, RS, W
beta-myrcene	0-4%	Readily biodegradable	beta-myrcene, 123-35-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1987, RS, W
beta-pinene	0-3%	Readily biodegradable	beta-pinene, 127-91-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, van Ginkel, 2010, RS, W
gamma-terpinene	0-3%	Readily biodegradable	gamma-terpinene, 99-85-4, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1988, RS, W
para-cymene	0-2%	Readily biodegradable	para-cymene, 99-87-6, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1987, RS, W

 

Based on constituant approach and on a typical concentration, 89% of the registered substance is readily biodegradable. Therefore, it can be possible to consider that the registered substance is readily biodegradable.