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EC number: 206-323-5 | CAS number: 327-62-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella Mutagenicity Tests: V. Results from the Testing of 311 Chemicals.
- Author:
- Errol Zeiger, Beth Anderson, Steve Haworth, Timothy Lawlor, and
Kristien Mortelmans - Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Volume 19, Supplement 21 :2-141 (1 992)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Variations in the preincubation protocol among the tested chemicals reflect the evolution of the protocol originally described by Haworth et al. [1983].Please refer to any additional information on materials and methods.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Propionic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-176-3
- EC Name:
- Propionic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-09-4
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- propionic acid
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- his locus
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, with some additional use of strain TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9
- method of preparation of S9 mix
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability)
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- mitomycin C
- other: 2-aminoanthracene (with metabolic acivation), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA97/TA1537, without metabolic activation)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration triplicate
- Number of independent experiments at least two
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): Not reported
- Test substance added in medium; preincubation
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method, e.g.: Toxic concentrations were defined as those that produced a decrease in the number of his+ colonies, or a clearing in the density of the
background lawn, or both. - Evaluation criteria:
- Please refer to the Any other infomation on materials and methods section
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- slight clearing of backgroud lawn at 10000 µg/plate with metabolic acitvation
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results:
Dose | TA100 | TA1535 | ||||||||||||||||||
NA (-) | 10% HLI (-) | 30% HLI (-) | 10% RLI (-) | 30% RLI (-) | NA (-) | 10% HLI (-) | 30% HLI (-) | 10% RLI (-) | 30% RLI (-) | |||||||||||
µg/plate | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
0.0 | 83 | 2.0 | 90 | 6.1 | 120 | 11.7 | 100 | 10.5 | 126 | 4.5 | 22 | 4.8 | 12 | 2.8 | 11 | 1.8 | 12 | 1.5 | 13 | 2.2 |
100.0 | 82 | 1.2 | 84 | 5.5 | 105 | 3.5 | 95 | 3.0 | 108 | 5.3 | 16 | 2.5 | 13 | 1.5 | 10 | 0.9 | 9 | 1.5 | 14 | 2.1 |
333.0 | 84 | 3.2 | 92 | 5.0 | 120 | 6.7 | 97 | 6.2 | 138 | 8.1 | 14 | 0.7 | 12 | 2.0 | 10 | 1.5 | 15 | 0.9 | 14 | 1.5 |
1000.0 | 88 | 2.3 | 92 | 2.3 | 111 | 7.6 | 81 | 7.5 | 112 | 7.5 | 15 | 2.7 | 10 | 2.0 | 9 | 2.2 | 9 | 1.5 | 12 | 0.6 |
3333.0 | 85 | 8.2 | 102 | 4.7 | 108 | 5.5 | 92 | 1.2 | 130 | 9.0 | 18 | 0.7 | 8p | 0.7 | 12 | 1.5 | 8p | 2.9 | 14 | 3.8 |
6667.0 | 70 | 1.2 |
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| 12 | 0.9 |
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10000.0 |
|
| 99s | 11.6 | 52s | 21.1 | t |
| 84s | 0.3 |
|
| 7s | 2.2 | 8s | 1.3 | 4s | 2.3 | 7s | 2.9 |
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POS | 382 | 13.9 | 402 | 10.3 | 529 | 14.5 | 303 | 11.3 | 769 | 30.6 | 272 | 4.7 | 101 | 5.7 | 94 | 3.8 | 117 | 6.6 | 79 | 7.4 |
Dose | TA1537 | |||||
NA (-) | 30% HLI (-) | 30% RLI (-) | ||||
µg/plate | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
0.0 | 7 | 0.7 | 7 | 0.7 | 6 | 0.6 |
100.0 | 6 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.7 | 9 | 0.7 |
333.0 | 6 | 0.9 | 9 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.3 |
1000.0 | 6 | 0.9 | 9 | 2.2 | 8 | 1.5 |
3333.0 | 5 | 0.9 | 8 | 0.3 | 10 | 0.9 |
6667.0 | 4 | 0.6 |
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10000.0 |
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| 5s | 0.3 | 9s | 2.6 |
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POS | 53 | 4.6 | 117 | 7.2 | 54 | 3.4 |
Dose | TA97 | TA98 | ||||||||||||||||||
NA (-) | 10% HLI (-) | 30% HLI (-) | 10% RLI (-) | 30% RLI (-) | NA (-) | 10% HLI (-) | 30% HLI (-) | 10% RLI (-) | 30% RLI (-) | |||||||||||
µg/plate | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
0.0 | 88 | 8.5 | 110 | 5.5 | 130 | 6.2 | 117 | 6.4 | 175 | 2.0 | 16 | 2.3 | 25 | 2.3 | 27 | 3.5 | 25 | 1.5 | 33 | 0.9 |
100.0 | 89 | 10.2 | 109 | 7.9 | 135 | 6.8 | 121 | 1.8 | 168 | 3.6 | 19 | 0.3 | 22 | 3.8 | 30 | 3.5 | 26 | 1.5 | 21 | 2.0 |
333.0 | 80 | 3.8 | 97 | 2.5 | 125 | 7.0 | 111 | 2.7 | 154 | 13.6 | 12 | 1.7 | 23 | 2.0 | 27 | 0.9 | 23 | 4.0 | 23 | 5.5 |
1000.0 | 73 | 2.0 | 108 | 4.5 | 115 | 6.7 | 110 | 8.8 | 176 | 4.5 | 13 | 1.2 | 34 | 1.8 | 21 | 4.1 | 21 | 1.8 | 27 | 4.4 |
3333.0 | 44 | 6.2 | 102 | 3.0 | 114 | 11.1 | 98 | 3.0 | 193 | 9.9 | 17 | 0.3 | 21 | 1.9 | 21 | 1.9 | 22 | 1.3 | 28 | 1.5 |
6667.0 | 10s | 5.1 |
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| 15 | 0.6 |
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10000.0 |
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| 13s | 3.0 | 45s | 2.8 | t |
| 95s | 5.7 |
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| 7s | 0.7 | 12s | 2.2 | 10s | 4.5 | 9s | 1.8 |
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POS | 261 | 3.0 | 511 | 13.5 | 778 | 7.9 | 635 | 12.1 | 389 | 16.6 | 220 | 4.2 | 211 | 15.5 | 105 | 3.2 | 173 | 11.0 | 297 | 2.0 |
NA, not activated; HLI, Aroclor 1254-induced hamster liver S-9; RLI, Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9; s, slight clearing of background lawn; t, complete clearing of background lawn (colonies not counted); p, precipitate present in plates; x, precipitate present with toxicity; +, mutagenic; +W, weakly mutagenic; ?, questionable response; - , nonmutagenic.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the publication of Zeiger et al., 1992, 311 chemicals were tested for their mutagenic potential in a bacterial reverse mutation assay conducted according to Ames et al., 1975. S. typhimurium tester strains were exposed to 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, 6667, and 10000 µg/plate with the preincubation method for 48 h. There was no increase of the number of revertants in any tester strain at concentrations up to occurring toxicity, thus propionic acid is not considered mutagenic under the conditions of the test.
- Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria OECD TG 471, strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 of S. typhimurium were exposed to Propionic acid at concentrations of 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, 6667, and 10000 µg/plate with the preincubation method in the presence and absence of mammalian metabolic activation for 48 h.
Propionic acid was tested up to cytotoxic concentrations, as indicated by the slight reduction of background lawn seen in the highest concentration in all tester strains. The positive controls induced the appropriate responses in the corresponding strains. There was no evidence of induced mutant colonies over background.
This study is classified as acceptable. This study satisfies the requirement for Test Guideline OECD 471 for in vitro mutagenicity (bacterial reverse gene mutation) data.
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