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EC number: 205-440-9 | CAS number: 140-90-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Field studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- field studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Priority existing chemical Report No. 5
- Author:
- Dep. of Health and Ageing, Australian Government
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- Atmospheric monitoring
- Media:
- air
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate
- EC Number:
- 205-440-9
- EC Name:
- Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate
- Cas Number:
- 140-90-9
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6OS2.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium (ethoxymethanethioyl)sulfanide
- Test material form:
- solid: bulk
- Details on test material:
- SEX /sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate is produced by the reaction of an ethyl alcohol with sodium hydroxide to form alcoholate and subsequently adding carbon disulfide to form SEX/ sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate.
SEX /sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate contains Ethanol/ethyl alcohol (CAS number 64-17-5) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) which are an integral part of the substance.
Ethanol/ethyl alcohol (CAS number 64-17-5) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) are both reagents used in the manufacture of SEX /sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. Therefore, Ethanol/ethyl alcohol (CAS number 64-17-5) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) need to be considered in the assessment of SEX /sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate.
CAS name: ethyl alcohol
EC / List name: Ethanol
IUPAC name: ethanol
EC / List no.: 200-578-6
CAS no.: 64-17-5
CAS name: sodium hydroxide
EC / List name: Sodium hydroxide
IUPAC name: sodium hydroxide
EC / List no.: 215-185-5
CAS no.: 1310-73-2
1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
- the maximum carbon disulphide level measured was 15 ppm in the mixing section;
- only two readings were above 10 ppm;
- only 20 readings were at or above 5 ppm and most of these were recorded as being in the “mixing section”; and
- the average concentration of atmospheric carbon disulphide from 133 samples taken in the mixing section was less than 2.5 ppm.
Atmospheric monitoring
Atmospheric monitoring for sodium ethyl xanthate is not carried out at the mine sites where it is used. Random instantaneous sampling for carbon disulphide is undertaken at some mine sites and in holds of ships, however, very limitedmonitoring data were available for assessment. Monitoring for carbon dilsulphide atmost mine sites was carried out using detector tubes either Drager or Kitagawa“length of stain” tubes. Other collection devices used include activated charcoaltubes and portable gas chromatography.In some States the rail authorities have carried out random monitoring for carbon disulphide before unloading sodium ethyl xanthate.
Western Mining Corporation
Western Mining Corporation submitted data from a review undertaken by IndustrialRisk Management Pty Ltd 36 of more than 400 atmospheric samples reported to theDepartment of Mines. The samples measured carbon disulphide levels at theirvarious mining operations and the results showed that:
Western Mining also submitted atmospheric monitoring data from Olympic DamOperations as shown in Table1. No information was supplied on the number ofsamples. All samples were instantaneous readings.
Table1: Carbon disulphide levels (instantaneous) at Olympic Dam Operations, WesternMining Corporation Ltd
Location
|
Average CS2 (ppm)
|
Maximum CS2 (ppm)
|
Xanthate mixing area
|
5 |
15 |
Flotation area
|
2 |
7 |
Mt Isa Mines Limited
Atmospheric monitoring of carbon disulphide at Mt Isa Mines Ltd was undertakenusing Kitagawa “length-of-stain” detector tubes. The carbon disulphide levelsmeasured at the various sites in the mine are provided in Table2.
Table2: Carbon disulphide levels (instantaneous) at Mt Isa Mines Ltd
Area
|
Activity description
|
CS2 level (ppm)
|
Reagent Mixing Plant |
Between storage shed and tanks with sodium ethyl xanthate drums opened for 1 hr in full sun |
2 |
Walkway over spillage pump |
< 0.3 |
|
Drum crushing area |
< 0.3 |
|
Walkway above stock tanks, downward of tanks |
< 0.3 |
|
Flotation area |
Area between cell banks, between two cell sodium ethyl xanthate addition points |
1 |
Raised aisle between xanthate distributors |
5 |
Pasminco Mining, Broken Hill
Routine atmospheric monitoring for carbon disulphide is not performed by PasmincoMining at Broken Hill. However, carbon disulphide levels as high as 16 ppm havebeen detected a few metres from the mixing station using a Drager tube.
Government authorities
In some States the rail authorities carry out random monitoring for carbondisulphide at the time of arrival of sodium ethyl xanthate before transferring theload from the ship on to trains. Queensland authorities have reported carbondisulphide levels as high as 20 ppm in containers with the door slightly open, whensome of the drum lids were observed to be loose.
Summary
The exposure standard recommended by the National Commission for carbondisulphide is a TWA of 10 ppm. From the limited data submitted for assessment itappears that, generally, carbon disulphide levels at the mine sites are below theTWA. However, instantaneous sampling using detector tubes indicated that, attimes, short-term excursions above 10 ppm occurred in the mixing area during mixingactivity at some user sites. High levels were also recorded in containers in shipholds on arrival of sodium ethyl xanthate at the ports.
The monitoring data indicate that there is the potential for exposure to high levelsof carbon disulphide during mixing and transport. However, the data were inadequate to demonstrate how widespread this problem is and whether there isthe potential for exposure in other areas or activities.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Western Mining Corporation submitted data from a review undertaken by Industrial Risk Management Pty Ltd 36 of more than 400 atmospheric samples reported to the Department of Mines. The samples measured carbon disulphide levels at their various mining operations and the results showed that:
• the maximum carbon disulphide level measured was 15 ppm in the mixing
section;
• only two readings were above 10 ppm;
• only 20 readings were at or above 5 ppm and most of these were recorded as being
in the “mixing section”; and
• the average concentration of atmospheric carbon disulphide from 133 samples
taken in the mixing section was less than 2.5 ppm. - Executive summary:
SEX readily decomposes in the presence of moisture and heat to evolve carbon disulphide. Some mining sites have used other xanthates that are more stable and resistant to heat and moisture. However, due to their structural similarity, it is expected that all xanthates would have similar health effects either due to the xanthate or carbon disulphide.
Atmospheric monitoring for sodium ethyl xanthate is not carried out at either thesites of manufacture or end-use.When water is added to SEX it reacts with water to form the others substances: alcohol, sodium carbonate,trithiocarbonate and carbon disulphide.
Monitoring is however carried out for CS2,which is considered to be the major hazard during manufacture, storage and useof xanthates.
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