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EC number: 411-790-5 | CAS number: 54390-87-3 KY-MA
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 November 1992 - 23 March 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles. However, the analytical concentrations were not measured for all test levels, particularly they were not measured for the purported NOEC level. In addition, there was significant variability in the concentrations, with a mid-level concentration higher than the high concentration at the start of the test, and the high level concentration increasing over the course of the test, whilst the other concentrations decreased. Limited information available to verify the composition of the used test substance.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Report date:
- 1993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1984)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,4-bis[N'-(4-methylphenyl)ureido]toluene
- EC Number:
- 411-790-5
- EC Name:
- 2,4-bis[N'-(4-methylphenyl)ureido]toluene
- Cas Number:
- 54390-87-3
- Molecular formula:
- C23H24N4O2, C24H34N4O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-(2-methyl-3-{[(4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}phenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea; 3-(2-methyl-5-{[(4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}phenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea; 3-{2-methyl-3-[(octylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}-1-(4-methylphenyl)urea
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): KY-MA
- Substance type: light yellow solid
- Physical state: solid
- Stability under test conditions: Stable in water for at least 48 hours
- Storage condition of test material: RT in the dark
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: At t = 0 and t = 48h, duplicate samples of 10 mL were taken from the vehicle control and the solutions containing 10%, 32% and 100% of filtrate. aliquot from test and control vessels at t = 0h and t = 48 h. Simultaneously, reserve samples of 25 mL were taken from all test solutions.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: -20 degrees C
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A supersaturated solution of 1000 mg/L nominal was prepared by stirring for 48h; Cremophor RH40 was added as dispersant. After stirring, the saturated solution was filtered and the filtrate was diluted further with ISO-medium with the dispersant Cremophor RH40 to concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100% of the filtrate
- Controls: blank, Cremophor RH40 100 mg/L
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Cremophor RH40
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 100 mg/L
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): After filtering, clear without substance deposits
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: in-house
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 hours
- Method of breeding: new batch w/ <3d old animals; 4 wk max age; renewal every 7d (half medium); daily feeding with freshwater algae
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L CaC03
- Test temperature:
- 19.5-20.5 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.8-8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.0-9.8 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Blank and vehicle controls: nominal = 0 mg/L; measured = 0 mg/L
Test Substance:
Nominal = 10% of filtrate (100 mg/L); measured t0 = 0.24 mg/L, t48 = 0.13 mg/L; mean concentration = 0.19 mg/L
Nominal = 18%' of filtrate (180 mg/L); not measured; estimated mean concentration = 0.34 mg/L
Nominal = 32% of filtrate (320 mg/L); measured t0 = 0.76 mg/L, t48 = 0.48 mg/L; mean concentration = 0.62 mg/L
Nominal = 56% of filtrate (560 mg/L; not measured; estimated mean concentration = 0.70 mg/L
Nominal = 100% (1000mg/L); measured t0 = 0.69 mg/L, t48 = 0.90 mg/L; mean concentration = 0.80 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 100 mL
- Aeration: None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Milli-Q ultrapure water (reverse osmosis purified tap water)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16 hours
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : imobilization (including mortality) at 24 and 48 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.34 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: low solubility of test stubstance; significant precipitation in stock solution (pre-filtering)
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: tests performed at above solubility; all effect concentrations were above the solubility of the test substance. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
-48h EC50: >0.32 and < 0.56 mg/L
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table: Acute immobilization of daphnia after 24 and 48 hours
Measured test concentration in mg/L (%-filtrate) |
replicate |
Number exposed |
Number immobile at 24h |
Number immobile at 48h |
0 |
A |
10 |
0 |
0 |
B |
10 |
0 |
0 |
|
0 + Cremophor |
A |
10 |
0 |
0 |
B |
10 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.19 (10%) |
A |
10 |
0 |
0 |
B |
10 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.34 (18%) |
A |
10 |
0 |
0 |
B |
10 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.62 (32%) |
A |
10 |
0 |
8 |
B |
10 |
0 |
6 |
|
0.70 (56%) |
A |
10 |
0 |
6 |
B |
10 |
0 |
5 |
|
0.80 (100%) |
A |
10 |
0 |
5 |
B |
10 |
0 |
4 |
Concentrations of 0.62 mg/L (32% filtrate) showed greater than 50% immobility, while the next lowest measured concentration (0.19 mg/L) (10% filtrate) showed no effect. A concentration between these two was not measured, though this concentration was estimated to be 0.34 mg/L, also showing no immobilization. Based on this, the EC50 value is assumed to be higher than 0.34 mg/L, which is higher than the maximum solubility of KY-MA in water (0.006 mg/L). There was no correlation between amount of filtrate and level of immobilization. The 32% filtrate showed the highest levels of immobilization at 48 hours, and had the highest start concentrations. Finally, the concentrations decreased between t0 and t48 in the 10% and 32% filtrate concentrations, but increased in the 100% concentration.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC50 value is higher than 0.34 mg/L, which is higher than the maximum solubility of KY-MA in water (0.006 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
An Acute Immobilization Study was performed with Daphnia magna according to OECD 202. The test was performed using filtrates of a supersaturated solution of KY-MA (at 1000 mg/L). Three of the filtrate levels (10%, 32% and 100%) were then analyzed for actual KY-MA concentration.
Concentrations of 0.62 mg/L (32% filtrate) showed greater than 50% immobility, while the next lowest measured concentration (0.19 mg/L) (10% filtrate) showed no effect. A concentration between these two was not measured, though this concentration was estimated to be 0.34 mg/L, also showing no immobilization. Based on this, the 48h-EC50 value is assumed to be higher than 0.34 mg/L, which is higher than the maximum solubility of KY-MA in water (0.006 mg/L).
There was no correlation between amount of filtrate and level of immobilization. The 32% filtrate showed the highest levels of immobilization at 48 hours, and had the highest start concentrations. Finally, the concentrations decreased between t0 and t48 in the 10% and 32% filtrate concentrations, but increased in the 100% concentration.
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