Disodium 5,5'-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxysulphonyl-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[6-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonate]

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

01 November 2018 to 01 November 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2019

Report date:

2019

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Disodium 5,5'-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxysulphonyl-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[6-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonate]

EC Number:

274-354-1

EC Name:

Disodium 5,5'-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxysulphonyl-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[6-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonate]

Cas Number:

70161-18-1

Molecular formula:

C47H36N6O12S4.2Na

IUPAC Name:

disodium 5,5'-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxysulphonyl-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[6-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonate]

Test material form:

solid: crystalline

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Test item: Acid Orange 94 Refined
Alternative name: Disodium 5, 5’-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxysulphonyl-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[6-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonate]
CAS number: 70161-18-1
EC number: 274-354-1
Intended use: Industrial chemical
Appearance: Reddish brown crystals
Storage conditions: Room temperature (10 – 30C), in the dark
Lot number: 8009
Expiry/Retest date: 31 December 2019
Purity: 97%

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

cattle

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

Eyes from adult cattle (typically 12 to 60 months old) were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals. The eyes were excised by an abattoir employee after slaughter, and were placed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL). They were transported to the test facility over ice packs on the same day of slaughter. The corneas were prepared immediately on arrival.

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

0.75 ml

Duration of treatment / exposure:

240 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

90 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 corneas per test material, positive control and negative control respectively.

Details on study design:

Study Design

3.4.1 Preparation of Corneas
All eyes were macroscopically examined before and after dissection. Only corneas free of damage were used.
The cornea from each selected eye was removed leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera to facilitate handling. The iris and lens were peeled away from the cornea. The isolated corneas were immersed in a dish containing HBSS until they were mounted in Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) holders.
The anterior and posterior chambers of each BCOP holder were filled with complete Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) without phenol red and plugged. The holders were incubated at 32 ± 1 ºC for 70 minutes. At the end of the incubation period each cornea was examined for defects. Only corneas free of damage were used.

3.4.2 Selection of Corneas and Opacity Reading
The medium from both chambers of each holder was replaced with fresh complete EMEM.
A pre-treatment opacity reading was taken for each cornea using a calibrated opacitometer (Annex 1).
Three corneas were randomly allocated to the negative control. Three corneas were also allocated to the test item and three corneas to the positive control item.

3.4.3 Treatment of Corneas
The EMEM was removed from the anterior chamber of the BCOP holder and 0.75 mL of the test item preparation or control items were applied to the appropriate corneas. The holders were gently tilted back and forth to ensure a uniform application of the item over the entire cornea. Each holder was incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 240 minutes.
At the end of the exposure period the test item and control items were removed from the anterior chamber and the cornea was rinsed 3 times with fresh complete EMEM containing phenol red before a final rinse with complete EMEM without phenol red. The anterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete EMEM without phenol red. A post-treatment opacity reading was taken and each cornea was visually observed.

3.4.4 Application of Sodium Fluorescein
Following the opacity measurement the permeability of the corneas to sodium fluorescein was evaluated. The medium from the anterior chamber was removed and replaced with 1 mLof sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/mL). The dosing holes were plugged and the holders incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 90 minutes.

3.4.5 Permeability Determinations
After incubation the medium in the posterior chamber of each holder was decanted and retained.
360 μL of media representing each cornea was dispensed into the appropriate wells of a pre-labeled 96-well plate. The optical density was measured (quantitative viability analysis) at 492 nm (without a reference filter) using the Labtech LT-4500 microplate reader.

3.4.6 Histopathology
The corneas were retained after testing for possible conduct of histopathology. Each cornea was placed into a pre-labeled tissue cassette fitted with a histology sponge to protect the endothelial surface. The cassette was immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin.

3.5 Data Evaluation
Results from the two test method endpoints, opacity and permeability, were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate an In Vitro Irritancy Score.

3.5.1 Opacity Measurement
The change in opacity for each cornea (including the negative control) was calculated by subtracting the initial opacity reading from the final opacity reading. These values were then corrected by subtracting the average change in opacity observed for the negative control corneas. The mean opacity value of each treatment group was then calculated by averaging the corrected opacity values of each cornea for that treatment group.

3.5.2 Permeability Measurement
The corrected OD492 was calculated by subtracting the mean OD492 of the negative control corneas from the OD492 value of each treated cornea. The OD492 value of each treatment group was calculated by averaging the corrected OD492 values of the treated corneas for the treatment group.

3.5.3 In Vitro Irritancy Score
The following formula was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score:
In Vitro Irritancy Score = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD492 value)
Additionally, the opacity and permeability values were evaluated independently to determine whether the test item induced a response through only one of the two endpoints.

3.5.4 Visual Observation
The condition of the cornea was visually assessed post treatment.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

BCOP

Value:

6.5

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.

Other effects / acceptance of results:

The positive control In Vitro Irritancy Score was within the range of 71.2 to 132.9. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.
The negative control gave opacity of ≤2.3 and permeability ≤0.44. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

other:

Remarks:

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.

Conclusions:

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.

Executive summary:

The purpose of this test was to identify test items that can induce serious eye damage and to identify test items not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage. The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test method is an organotypic model that provides short-term maintenance of normal physiological and biochemical function of the bovine cornea in vitro. In this test method, damage by the test item is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability.

The study was performed in compliance with: OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 437 (updated 09 October 2017) “Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay” and Method B.47 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, in accordance with GLP.

The corneas treated with the test item appeared clear with no staining, however some test item remained adhered to the sides of all chambers causing the clear MEM to turn pale orange post treatment. The corneas treated with the negative control item were clear post treatment. The corneas treated with the positive control item were cloudy post treatment.

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.