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EC number: 701-408-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA OPPTS 870.3650, Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test
- Version / remarks:
- 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 421, Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EC No 440/2008, B.7 Repeated Dose (28 days) Toxicity (oral)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA OPPTS 870.3050, Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents
- Version / remarks:
- 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature, protected from moisture/water as well as heat and ignition sources
- Stability under test conditions: Not stable above 180°C (potential formaldehyde release). Stable under test conditions.
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: not applicable
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: not applicable
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The test item was dosed undiluted. The required amount of test item for daily dosing was transferred into a container and stored at room temperature.
- Preliminary purification step: No correction factor required
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: The test item was used undiluted.
- Final preparation of a solid: not applicable
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River,
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: 10 weeks old males and 13 weeks old females
- Weight at study initiation: 260 and 295g for males and 194 and 249g for females
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: On arrival and following the pre-test (females only) and pre-mating period, Main animals were group housed (up to 5 animals of the same sex and same dosing group together) in polycarbonate cages. Recovery males and females were group housed during the entire study period. During the mating phase, Main males and females were cohabitated on a 1:1 basis in Macrolon plastic cages. During the post-mating phase, Main males were housed in their home cage with a maximum of 5 males/cage. Main Females were individually housed in Macrolon plastic cages. During the lactation phase, Main females were housed in Macrolon plastic cages. Pups were housed with the dam, except during locomotor activity monitoring of the dams, when the pups were kept warm in their home cage using bottles filled with warm water.
- Diet: Pelleted rodent diet, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Municipal tap water was freely available to each animal via water bottles.
- Acclimation period: 6 days
DETAILS OF FOOD AND WATER QUALITY: The feed and water were analyzed by the supplier for nutritional components and environmental contaminants. It was considered that there were no known contaminants in the feed that would interfere with the objectives of the study.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 to 24°C (target) and 20 to 22°C (actual)
- Humidity (%): 40 to 70% (target) and 49 to 73% (actual)
- Air changes (per hr): 10x/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The test material was administered undiluted.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Test substance administered neat. No analytical verification conducted as not needed.
- Details on mating procedure:
- - Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused: for 14 days
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: 14 days
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility: not specified
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: not specified
- Verification of same strain and source of both sexes: yes
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: none - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Main and recovery males were treated for 29 days. Females that delivered were treated for 50-63 days, i.e. 14 days prior to mating, the variable time to conception, the duration of pregnancy and at least 13 days after delivery, up to and including the day before scheduled necropsy. Females which failed to deliver or had a total litter loss were treated for 41 or 53 days. Recovery females (not participating in the reproduction part of the study) were treated for 50 days.
- Frequency of treatment:
- 7 days per week
- Duration of test:
- up to 50 days
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Dose / conc.:
- 75 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Dose / conc.:
- 250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Test animals: 10 males and 10 females
Recovery groups: 5 males and 5 females for high dose and control groups - Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The dose levels were selected based on the results of a 14-day oral dose range finder with oral administration of Reaction mass of trimethoxy(aminoalkyl)-silanes and modified alkylether oligomers in rats, and in an attempt to produce graded responses to the test item.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: Recovery groups were selected for low and high dose treatment groups.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 14 days
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): random
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Throughout the study, animals were observed for general health/mortality and moribundity twice daily, in the morning and at the end of the working day.
- Cage side observations checked included: general health/mortality and moribundity
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Three times daily, shortly before, immediately after and 1 to 2 hours after dosing. During the recovery period, animals were observed at least once daily up to the day prior to necropsy.
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Animals were weighed individually on the first day of treatment (prior to dosing), and weekly thereafter. Mated main females were weighed on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, and 20 post-coitum and during lactation on PND 1, 4, 7, and 13.
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption was quantitatively measured weekly, except for Main males and Main females which were housed together for mating and for Main females without evidence of mating. Food consumption of mated Main females was measured on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, and 20 post-coitum and during lactation on PND 1, 4, 7, and 13.
Thyroid hormone:
Blood samples were processed for serum for possible analysis for the thyroid hormone parameters total thyroxine (T4) and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These serum samples were stored until (possible) analysis in a freezer (≤-75°C).
Samples for T4 of F0-males and PND 13-15 pups were analysed.
Samples for T4 of F0-females and PND 4 pups and samples for TSH of F0-males, F0-females and PND 13-15 pups were not analysed. - Ovaries and uterine content:
- The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes - Fetal examinations:
- - External examinations: Yes [all per litter]
- Soft tissue examinations: No
- Skeletal examinations: No
- Head examinations: Yes [all per litter] - Statistics:
- All statistical tests were conducted at the 5% significance level. All pairwise comparisons were conducted using two sided tests and were reported at the 1% and 5% levels.
Group means were calculated for continuous data and medians were calculated for discrete data (scores) in the summary tables. Test statistics were calculated on the basis of exact values for means and pooled variances. Individual values, means and standard deviations may have been rounded off before printing. Therefore, two groups may display the same printed means for a given parameter, yet display different test statistics values.
An overall Fisher’s exact test was used to compare all groups at the 5% significance level. The above pairwise comparisons were conducted using Fisher’s exact test whenever the overall test is significant. - Indices:
- Mating index, precoital index, gestation index, fertility index, duration of gestations, post-implantation survival index, live birth index, percentage of live males at first litter check, percentage of live females at first litter check, viability index, lactation index.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
General toxicity (maternal animals)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rales were observed in several 75 and 250 mg/kg bw/day treated main and recovery animals predominantly in the first two weeks of treatment. In one female at 250 mg/kg bw/day the rales were accompanied by laboured respiration. Rales were also observed in a single 25 mg/kg bw/day treated male and female on one day in the first week of treatment. The rales were always observed temporarily, lasting between one observation to maximally three days.
Piloerection was observed in one 250 mg/kg bw/day treated female (no.94) for two days in the first week of mating.
No specific clinical signs were noted in the animals of all dose groups during the weekly arena observations.
During the treatment period, salivation was observed among animals of the 75 and 250 mg/kg be/day dose group immediately after dosing on one or more occasions. Salivation was observed on a single occasion in a 25 mg/kg bw/day treated female. Dose response relationship was observed. Salivation observed in this study was considered not toxicologically relevant, taking into account the nature and minor severity of the effect and its time of occurrence (i.e. after dosing). This sign was considered to be a physiological response related to taste of the test item rather than a sign of systemic toxicity.
Other clinical signs noted during the treatment period, including alopecia, scales and/or scabs, occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study and did not show any apparent dose-related trend. At the incidence observed, these were considered to be unrelated to treatment. - Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not examined
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- In the morning of Day 3 (prior to dosing) male no.42 (Group 4) was found moribund (gasping) and died shortly thereafter. Macroscopic examination of this animal revealed an enlarged mandibular lymph node (unilateral) foamy contents in the trachea, dark red foci in the thymus and reddish foci in the lungs. Based on the time of occurrence and the absence of similar signs in the other animals, it was considered an accidental event, rather than indicative of test item related toxicity.
No further mortality occurred during the study period. - Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Lower body weights and body weight gain were observed in main and recovery males at 250 mg/kg bw/day, achieving levels of statistical significance for body weights on days 15 and 22 of treatment and on all occasions during treatment for body weight gain when compared to controls. At the end of treatment, a body weight difference of only approximately 4% between controls and males at 250 mg/kg bw/day was noted.
During the recovery period, the difference in body weights persisted during the recovery period, achieving levels of statistical significance on all occasions. The body weight gain data indicated that growth of the recovery males ran parallel. The body weight gain (when compared to study day 1) in high dose recovery males at start of recovery, was statistically significantly lower than in control recovery males. The increase in difference in mean body weights between control and high dose males over one day (from end of treatment to start of recovery) was due to relatively high body weights of the control males that continued in the recovery period compared to those of the whole group. Since the body weight gain over the recovery period was comparable for the control and high dose males, no toxicological significance was attached to this finding.
Body weights and body weight gain in 25 and 75 mg/kg bw/day treated males were considered not to be affected by treatment.
Body weights and body weight gain in female rats were considered to have been unaffected by treatment.
Over the recovery period, body weights and body weight gain were also unaffected by cessation of treatment in female rats. - Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Food consumption before or after correction for body weight in main and recovery male and recovery (not-mated) female rats was similar to the control level over the treatment period and recovery period.
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- At the end of the treatment period, haematological parameters of treated rats and recovery rats were considered not to have been affected by treatment.
The statistical significance for the mean number of lymphocytes in 75 mg/kg bw/day treated males and for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in 75 mg/kg bw/day treated females were fortuitous findings. In the absence of a treatment-related distribution or corroborative findings these changes were considered to be of no toxicological significance.
Coagulation parameters of treated rats were considered not to be different from controls at the end of treatment as well as after a subsequent fourteen-day recovery period.
The lower prothrombin time (PT) seen in 250 mg/kg bw/day treated males, achieving a level of statistical significance was considered not to be of toxicological relevance as the opposite effect (i.e. an increase) would be expected in case of target organ toxicity. - Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- At the end of treatment, lower mean levels for bile acids were observed in 250 mg/kg bw/day treated males and recovery females, achieving a level of statistical significance in recovery females. The high dose animals did not recover from this difference and the levels of bile acids remained lower at the end of the subsequent fourteen-day treatment free period, now achieving a level of statistical significance in 250 mg/kg bw/day treated males.
In main females, the mean levels for bile acids did not indicate an effect by treatment and were comparable between the treated and control animals at the end of treatment. However, it should be noted that a greater individual variation was observed and the mean level for bile acids was approximately two times higher than in the recovery females. This was likely to be related to the difference in physiological status between the primiparous and nulliparous females.
The statistical significances for the mean level for inorganic phosphate in 75 and 250 mg/kg bw/day treated males and for the mean level of calcium in 250 mg/kg bw/day treated main females occurred by chance. As the changes in these parameters were minimal (<10%) and the values for these parameters remained within the historical range for rats of this strain and age, these findings were considered to be of no toxicological significance. - Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Urinalysis parameters of treated rats were considered not to be different from controls at the end of treatment as well as after a subsequent fourteen-day recovery period.
The pH value of the urine in 75 mg/kg bw/day treated (main) females achieving a level of statistical significance when compared to controls, was considered to have arisen as a result of slightly low control value and in the absence of a treatment-related distribution considered to be of no toxicological significance. - Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The functional observation parameters, hearing ability, pupillary reflex, static righting reflex and grip strength, were considered not to be affected by treatment.
The group mean data for motor activity, comprising total movements and ambulation, showed a large variation between the groups in both males and females.
Whereas the group mean values for total movements and ambulation in the 25 and 75 mg/kg bw/day treated main and recovery males were approximately 20% lower than controls, these group mean values in the 250 mg/kg bw/day treated males were similar to that of controls. In the absence of clear dose response relationship and since the motor activity data of individual animals of all groups were within the historical control range for male rats of this strain, age and used in this type of studies, it was concluded that the variation in motor activity between groups was not treatment related. Moreover, a similar motor activity habituation profile with a decreasing trend in activity over the duration of the test period was observed in all groups.
In lactating (main) females, the motor activity was higher in the 25 and 75 mg/kg bw/day treated animals, whereas a marked decrease was observed in the 250 mg/kg bw/day treated females in comparison with controls. The increases in group mean total movements were 19% and 16% and for ambulations were 36% and 27% for the 25 and 75 mg/kg bw/day treated females, respectively. In the 250 mg/kg bw/day treated females, the group mean values were 43% lower for total movements, achieving a level of statistical significance, and 40% lower for the ambulation, when compared to controls.
The motor activity in not-mated (recovery) females at 250 mg/kg bw/day was in general higher than in lactating females, but a similar difference between control and high dose females was observed with a 30% lower value for total movements and a 40% lower value for ambulation in the latter animals, but not achieving a level of statistical significance in comparison with controls. - Immunological findings:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- At the end of treatment, a dose related increase for the splenic weight was observed in Main male rats, achieving a level of statistical significance for the relative spleen weight in high dose males when compared to controls. In Main females, a dose related decrease was observed for the adrenal glands, achieving levels of statistical significance for the absolute and relative adrenal gland weight in high dose females when compared to controls.
No test item-related alterations were observed in the other organ weights at the end of treatment.
At the end of recovery, in the males a difference in absolute liver weights and relative weights of the brain and seminal vesicles was observed between control and high dose males, achieving levels of statistical significance. These differences were considered to be related to the differences in terminal body weight and considered not related to treatment and of no toxicological significance.
In high dose females at the end of recovery, minimal higher weights of the heart, liver and kidneys were observed, achieving levels of statistical significance for absolute and relative heart weight and relative liver and kidney weights when compared to controls. Since all these organ weights remained within the historical control range for female rats of this strain and age and no treatment related effects were observed in main females at the end of treatment no toxicological significance was attached to these findings - Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- There were no test item-related gross observations.
All of the recorded macroscopic findings at the end of treatment in main males and females and at the end of recovery in recovery males and females were within the range of background gross observations encountered in rats of this age and strain. - Neuropathological findings:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- There were no test item-related microscopic observations.
All of the recorded microscopic findings were within the range of background pathology encountered in rats of this age and strain. There was no test item related alteration in the prevalence, severity, or histologic character of those incidental tissue alterations. - Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Thyroid hormone
At the end of treatment, the serum levels of T4 in F0-males were comparable between the treated and control animals and considered not to be affected by treatment.
At the end of the subsequent fourteen-day recovery period, a difference in levels of T4 between the high dose males and controls was observed, achieving a level of statistical significance. The difference was considered to have arisen as a result of slightly high control value and since the T4 values of the high dose males were well within the historical control range for rats of this strain and age no toxicological significance was attached to this finding.
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Number of abortions:
- not examined
- Pre- and post-implantation loss:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Number of implantation sites was considered not to be affected by treatment.
One 250 mg/kg bw/day treated female (no. 90) had a relatively low number of implantation sites, i.e. 7 compared to the group mean value of 12.7. Since it was observed in a single female only this finding was considered to have occurred by chance and considered to be unrelated to treatment. - Total litter losses by resorption:
- not examined
- Early or late resorptions:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The total number of offspring born compared to the total number of uterine implantations was considered not to be affected by treatment.
For female no.82 (at 75 mg/kg bw/day), the number of pups was higher than the number of implantations, i.e. 13 living pups compared to 12 implantation sites. This phenomenon is observed from time to time and is caused by normal resorption of these areas during (the 14 days of) lactation. No toxicological relevance was attached to this finding in the current study. - Dead fetuses:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The number of live offspring on Day 1 after littering compared to the total number of offspring born was considered not to be affected by treatment.
Female no.84 delivered eleven dead pups, which was regarded as total litter loss. One pup in a control group litter (no.51) was found dead at first litter check. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead pups/total litter loss since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal. - Changes in pregnancy duration:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Gestation index and duration of gestation were considered not to be affected by treatment.
One control female (no.54) had implantations only and a 75 mg/kg bw/day treated female (no.84) delivered (eleven) dead pups only, regarded as total litter loss. Moreover, the duration of gestation in the latter female was also slightly longer than normal, i.e. 23 days compared to 21-22 days in the other females. In the absence of a dose effect relationship, these events were considered not related to treatment and of no toxicological significance. - Changes in number of pregnant:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Fertility index was considered not to be affected by treatment. All impregnated females, except one 75 mg/kg bw/day treated female (no.81) developed a pregnancy.
Since the case of non-pregnancy occurred in a single female no.81 only and showed no dose-related incidence across the dose groups, this event was considered not to be related to treatment. - Other effects:
- not examined
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- General toxicity
- Effect level:
- >= 75 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Based on reduced motor activity in main and recovery females at 250 mg/kg bw/day
Maternal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- no effects observed
Results (fetuses)
- Fetal body weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- At birth, body weights of male and female pups in litters at 250 mg/kg bw/day were higher (slightly over 10%) in comparison with that in the other groups, achieving levels of statistical significance when compared to controls. During lactation this difference remained, but had reduced to less than 10% on lactation Day 13.
- Reduction in number of live offspring:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- For the treated females, the number of live offspring on Day 4 before culling compared to the number of offspring on Day 1 was considered not affected by treatment.
One pup (of litter 72 at 25 mg/kg) was found dead on Day 2. For control females, 6 pups (out of three litters, nos. 51, 52 and 59) were found dead or went missing between lactation Days 2 and 4. The missing pups were most likely cannibalised. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead/missing pups since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age. - Changes in sex ratio:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Sex ratio was considered not to be affected by treatment.
- Changes in litter size and weights:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Litter size was considered not affected by treatment.
- Changes in postnatal survival:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- For the treated females, the number of live offspring on Day 4 before culling compared to the number of offspring on Day 1 was considered not affected by treatment.
One pup (of litter 72 at 25 mg/kg bw/day) was found dead on Day 2. For control females, 6 pups (out of three litters, nos.51, 52 and 59) were found dead or went missing between lactation Days 2 and 4. The missing pups were most likely cannibalised. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead/missing pups since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age. - External malformations:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No macroscopic findings were noted among pups that were considered to be related to treatment.
No milk in the stomach was noted for all stillborn pups in litter 84.
The nature and incidence of the other macroscopic findings remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age, were related to the death or confirmed the in-life observation of the pup. - Skeletal malformations:
- not examined
- Visceral malformations:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Anogenital distance (absolute and normalized for body weight) in male and female pups was considered not to be affected by treatment.
Treatment up to 250 mg/kg bw/day had no effect on areola/nipple retention. Serum T4 levels in male and female PND 13-15 pups were considered not to be affected by treatment.
Effect levels (fetuses)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- >= 250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects observed at any dose level.
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- no effects observed
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- no
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the combined 28-day repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test for trimethoxy(methyl)silane and its reaction products with [3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine, no reproduction and developmental toxicity was observed up to treatment at 250 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL for reproductive and developmental effects was concluded to be greater than 250 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose tested).
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