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EC number: 946-985-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biodegradation of All Stereoisomers of the EDTA Substitute Iminodisuccinate by Agrobacterium tumefaciens BY6 Requires an Epimerase and a Stereoselective C-N Lyase
- Author:
- Cokesa, Z. et al.
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Applied and Environmental microbiology 70 (7), July 2004, pp. 3941–3947
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 301F
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: granular
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Biodegradation tests. A standardized OECD test (301F) was carried out to analyze the biodegradability of the three IDS isomers, technical-grade IDS, and the metal-IDS complexes. As shown in Fig. 1, biodegradation of all IDS isomers and technical IDS attained approximately the level of the reference compound sodium benzoate. Interestingly, for the R,R-IDS isomer, a significant degradation rate was not observed before day 3.
The IDSdegrading microorganism in this study was isolated from activated sludge. It was enriched in batch culture with buffered mineral salts medium supplemented with 5 mM R,R-IDS as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy.
Isolation and identification of microorganisms. The IDSdegrading microorganism in this study was isolated from activated sludge. It was enriched in batch culture with buffered mineral salts medium supplemented with 5 mM R,R-IDS as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The enrichment cultures were incubated in a baffled Erlenmeyer flask on a rotary shaker at 125 rpm and room temperature. The cultures were subcultivated daily for 5 days. Subsequently, the cultures were repeatedly transferred on agar plates also containing 5 mMR,R-IDS until a pure culture (BY6) was isolated. Strain BY6 grew with R,R-IDS as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. It was gram negative and oxidase positive and formed motile cocci of 1 to 1.5 m. Furthermore, strain BY6 was identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Sequence
alignment with BLAST (1) achieved highest homologies (99%) with A. tumefaciens (accession number D14500) and A. tumefaciens strain CIP111-78 (AJ389897). Thus, the organism was named A. tumefaciens BY6. Growth of A. tumefaciens BY6 on IDS. A. tumefaciens BY6 grew in mineral salts medium with each of the three IDS isomers as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The doubling times on R,S-IDS, S,S-IDS, and R,R-IDS at 23°C were 3, 3.3, and 3.8 h, respectively. During growth on R,S-IDS, R,R-IDS, and S,S-IDS, the pH increased as a result of ammonia excretion by the cells. The amount of ammonia released into the medium after 5 days corresponded to approximately 30% 5% of the nitrogen contained in IDS (data shown for R,R-IDS in Fig. 3).
In addition, growth of A. tumefaciens BY6 was also possible on different metal-IDS chelates, namely, Mg2-, Ca2-, Fe2-, Cu2-, and Mn2-IDS. The complexes with the metal ions were generated by adding their sulfate salts in equimolar amounts to technical IDS. The degradation of metal-IDS complexes was monitored by measuring dissolved organic carbon.
Mg2- and Ca2-IDS complexes were degraded completely within 3 days, while only 75% of Fe2-IDS was mineralized in
this time span. Complete mineralization of Fe2-IDS and about 75% mineralization of Mn2-IDS were achieved within 10 days. In contrast, only about 25% of Cu2-IDS was mineralized within 10 days (data not shown). Metal hydroxide precipitation was noted during growth on Fe2-, Cu2-, and Mn2-IDS. These results correspond with the observations made during biodegradation tests with metal-IDS complexes.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The IDS-degrading strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens BY6 was isolated from activated sludge. The strain was able to grow on each IDS isomer as well as on Mg-IDS complexes as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source.
- Executive summary:
Biodegradation tests according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development standard 301F
(manometric respirometry test) with technical iminodisuccinate (IDS) revealed ready biodegradability for all
stereoisomers of IDS. The IDS-degrading strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens BY6 was isolated from activated
sludge. The strain was able to grow on each IDS isomer as well as on Fe2-, Mg2-, and Ca2-IDS complexes
as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. In contrast, biodegradation of and growth on Mn2-IDS were
rather scant and very slow on Cu2-IDS. Growth and turnover experiments with A. tumefaciens BY6 indicated
that the isomer R,S-IDS is the preferred substrate. The IDS-degrading enzyme system isolated from this
organism consists of an IDS-epimerase and a C-N lyase. The C-N lyase is stereospecific for the cleavage of
R,S-IDS, generating D-aspartic acid and fumaric acid. The decisive enzyme for S,S-IDS and R,R-IDS degradation
is the epimerase. It transforms S,S-IDS and R,R-IDS into R,S-IDS. Both enzymes do not require any
cofactors. The two enzymes were purified and characterized, and the N-termini were sequenced. The purified
lyase and also the epimerase catalyzed the transformation of alkaline earth metal-IDS complexes, while heavy
metal-IDS complexes were transformed rather slowly or not at all. The observed mechanism for the complete
mineralization of all IDS isomers involving an epimerase offers an interesting possibility of funneling all
stereoisomers into a catabolic pathway initiated by a stereoselective lyase.
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