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EC number: 202-461-5 | CAS number: 95-87-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005-07-25 - 2005-09-25
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Biodegradation Test of Chemical Substance by Microorganisms specified in the “Methods of Testing New Chemical Substances."
- Version / remarks:
- 2003
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Collected sludge
(1) Sewage treatment plant: Return sludge
(2) River, lake, and sea: Topsoil on the shore in contact with the atmosphere and surface water
Preparation of activated sludge
To secure uniform activated sludge, 5 L of filtrate of sludge mixture collected from each region as described above was mixed with 5 L of filtrate of activated sludge(*2) cultured for about three months to prepare a 10 L sludge mixture, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 ± 1.0, and aeration(*3) was carried out in a culture tank.
*2 :10 L of filtrate of the sludge mixture solution collected from the region as described above was the activated sludge cultured according to section 2.4 below.
*3:Outdoor air was allowed to pass through a pre-filter and used in the aeration.
Culture
After the aeration in the culture tank was stopped for about 30 minutes, about 1/3 of the entire amount of the supernatant liquid was removed. This was added with dechlorinated tap water so as to be 10 L in total volume, aeration was performed again (for 30 minutes or longer), and 50 g/L of synthetic sewage(*4) was added so that the concentration of the synthetic sewage in the added dechlorinated tap water became 0.1 wt%. This operation was repeated once a day, and culture was performed to prepare activated sludge. The culture temperature was set to 25 ± 2ºC.
*4: Glucose, peptone, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were dissolved in purified water so that each became 50 g/L, and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 ± 1.0 with sodium hydroxide. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- BOD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- TOC removal
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- Test preparation
(1) Measurement of the concentration of the suspended substance of the activated sludge
The concentration of the suspended substance was measured to determine the addition amount of the activated sludge.
Measurement method: Measurement was carried out in accordance with the “Testing Methods for Industrial Wastewater, Suspended Substance” (14.1 of JIS K 0102-1998).
Measurement date: July 25, 2005
Measurement results: The concentration of the suspended substance of the activated sludge was 4300 mg/L.
(2) Preparation of the basic culture medium
Each of 3 mL of Solution A, solution B, solution C, and solution D of the composition specified in the “Testing Methods for Industrial Wastewater, Biochemical Oxygen Consumption” (section 21 in JIS K 0102-1998) was added with purified water (conforming to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, product of Takasugi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) so as to prepare a 1-L solution, and the pH was adjusted to 7.0.
(3) Control substance
Aniline (reagent grade, lot no. SP-3442Z, product of Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as a control substance to confirm that the activated sludge has a sufficient degree of activity in the implementation of this test.
Preparation of test solutions
Six test containers were used to prepare test solutions according to the following methods. These test solutions were cultured under the conditions listed in section 3.3.
(1) Test substance and aniline addition
(a) System containing (water + test substance) (one, test container 1)
300 mL of purified water and 30 mg of the test substance were poured into a test container so that the concentration of the test substance became 100 mg/L. The test substance was accurately weighed by an electronic balance.
(b) System containing (sludge + test substance) (three, test container 2 3 4)
A basic culture medium [the amount obtained by deducting the addition amount of activated sludge (2.09 mL) from 300 mL] and 30 mg of test substance were placed in a test container so that the concentration of the test substance became 100 mg/L. The test substance was accurately weighed on an electronic balance.
(c) System containing (sludge + aniline) (one, test container 5)
A basic culture medium [the amount obtained by deducting the addition amount of activated sludge (2.09 mL) from 300 mL] and 29.5 μL of aniline [30 mg in addition amount = 29.5 μL x 1.022 g/cm3 (density)] were placed in a test container so that the concentration of aniline became 100 mg/L. Aniline was sorted and added using a micro syringe.
d) System containing a sludge blank (one, test container 6)
A basic culture medium [the amount obtained by deducting the addition amount of activated sludge (2.09 mL) from 300 mL] was placed in a test container.
(2) Inoculation of activated sludge
The activated sludge prepared under the conditions described in section 2 was inoculated in solutions (b), (c), and (d) so that the concentration of the suspended substance became 30 mg/L.
Test solution culture device and environmental conditions
(1) Test solution culture device
Closed-type oxygen consumption measurement device
Thermostat and measurement unit: Asahi Techneion Co., Ltd.
Data processor : Asahi Techneion Co., Ltd.
Test container: Culture bottle for 300 mL (improved culture bottle)
Carbon dioxide gas absorbent: Soda Lime, No. 1
(For carbon dioxide absorption, product of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
(2) Environmental conditions
Test solution culture temperature: 25 ± 1ºC
Test solution culture period: 28 days (under shielding of light)
Stirring method: Rotating stirring by a magnetic stirrer
(3) Place of implementation: Low temperature-controlled room
Calculation method of the degree of degradation
The degradation was calculated based on the following equation, and the value was rounded at the first digit after the decimal point and displayed at an integer position.
(1) BOD degradation
Degradation (%) = (BOD – B / TOD*6) x 100
BOD: Biochemical oxygen consumption in the system containing (sludge + test substance) (Measured value) (mg)
B: Biochemical oxygen consumption in a sludge blank (Measured value) (mg)
TOD(*6): Theoretical oxygen consumption required in the event of a complete oxidation of the test substance (Measured value) (mg)
*6: Calculated as 100% pure
(2) DOC degradation
Degradation (%) = (DOCw - DOCs / DOCw) x 100
DOCs: Residual amount of dissolved organic carbon in the system containing (sludge + test substance)
(Measured value) (mgC)
DOCw: Residual amount of dissolved organic carbon in the system containing (water + test substance)
(Measured value) (mgC)
(3) Degradation of the test substance
degradation (%) = (Sw - Ss / Sw) x 100
Ss: Residual amount of test substance in the system containing (sludge + test substance)
(Measured value) (mgC)
Sw: Residual amount of test substance in the system containing (water + test substance)
(Measured value) (mgC) - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 2
- St. dev.:
- 1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Remarks:
- BOD
- Value:
- 0
- St. dev.:
- 1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- valid
BOD aniline = 71.2 mg after 28 days
59 % after 7 days and 66 % after 14 days - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was not degraded by microorganisms under the conditions of this test.
- Executive summary:
The test substance 2,5-xylenol was assessed in an GLP-biodegaradtion study according to OECD Guildeine 301C (modified MITI Test (I)).
The test substance was incubated in activated sludge for 28 days at a concentration of 100 mg/L with a liquid volume of 300 mL at 25 +/- 1°C. The measurement of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was performed by a closed oxgen consumption measurment device and the quantitative analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was performed by the analysis method of total organic carbon (TOC). Quantitative analysis of the test substance was done by high-preformance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
The test results were as follows:
BOD degradation rate: 0%, -1%, 0%, average 0%
DOC degradation rate: 2%, 3%, 1% average 2%
Test substance degradation (HPLC): 3%, 2%, 1%, average 2%
The tes substance was not degraded by microorganisms under the conditions of the test.
Reference
Description of key information
Not readily biodegradable (2% after 28d, OECD 301C)
Inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling specific criteria (94.5% after
5 d, similar to OECD 302 B)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of 2,5-Xylenol was assessed in a GLP-biodegradation study according to OECD Guideline 301C(MITI, 2005). The test substance was incubated with activated sludge for 28 days at a concentration of 100 mg/L with a liquid volume of 300 mL at 25±1°C. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was followed using a closed oxygen consumption measurement device. The quantitative analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was performed by the analysis method of total organic carbon (TOC). Quantitative analysis of the test substance was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the end of the test period a degradation rate of 0%, -1% based on the oxygen consumption was determined. The reported degradation rate based on DOC removal was 1 – 3% (average 2%). The HPLC analysis demonstrated that the test substance was not degraded by microorganisms under the conditions of the test (removal rates HPLC: 1 - 3%, average 2%)
In a supporting study the inherent biodegradability of 2,5-Xylenol was tested at test conditions similar to OECD 302 B (Pitter 1976). The test was conducted using adapted activated sludge as inoculum (concentration of sludge: 100 mg/L dw). The test substance was added at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L based on COD. The decrease of the test substance was evaluated by COD measurements until no further more decrease in COD was determined. Results were compared to a blank test and standard compound decomposition. A COD removal of 94.5% after 5 days of incubation was determined. Because of the use of adapted sludge, the substance is assessed as inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling specific criteria.
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