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EC number: 212-214-3 | CAS number: 769-78-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 Jul - 09 Oct 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-2 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Vinyl benzoate
- EC Number:
- 212-214-3
- EC Name:
- Vinyl benzoate
- Cas Number:
- 769-78-8
- Molecular formula:
- C9H8O2
- IUPAC Name:
- vinyl benzoate
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Water samples were taken from the control (replicates R1 – R2 pooled) and all test groups (replicates R1 – R2 pooled) at 0 (fresh media), 24 (old and fresh media) and 48 h (old media) for quantitative analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20 °C for further analysis if necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: An amount of test material (200 mg) was dissolved in dechlorinated tap water with the aid of ultrasonication for approximately 30 min and the volume adjusted to 2 L to give the 100 mg/L test concentration. Aliquots (10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320 and 560 mL) of the 100 mg/L test concentration were each separately dispersed in a final volume of 1 L of dechlorinated tap water to give the 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32 and 56 mg/L test concentrations, respectively. Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: no
- Controls: yes, test medium control
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Holding conditions: Adult Daphnia were maintained in polypropylene vessels containing approximately 2 L of reconstituted water in a temperature controlled room at approximately 20 °C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a suspension of algae (Chlorella sp.). Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis. Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 h old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 160 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 22 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 - 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 96-100% air saturation value
- Conductivity:
- 409 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: control, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
measured: < LOQ, 0.49, 0.94, 2.2, 3.8, 7.2, 13, 24, 43 and 66 mg/L (time-weighted average) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Type: covered to reduce evaporation
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 250 mL, fill volume: 200 mL, headspace: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): every 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap water
- Total organic carbon: 1.041 mg/L (mean)
- Particulate matter: 0.1 mg/L
- Chlorine: 0.297 mg/L (mean)
- Conductivity: 421.385 µS/cm at 20 °C
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: regularly
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h darkness (20 min transition period)
- Feeding: none
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Immobilisation was recorded after 3, 24 and 48 h
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: control, 0.10, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilisation was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10 and 1.0 mg/L. However, immobilisation was observed at 10 and 100 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 8.8-12 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 12-17 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 0%
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No, the test preparations were observed to be clear colourless solutions - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference material. The mean EC50 (48 h) value calculated from all positive controls was 0.78 mg/L (SD = 0.22).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 values and associated confidence limits at 24 and 48 h and the slope of the response curve and its standard error were calculated by the maximum-likelihood probit method (Finney 1971) using the ToxCalc computer software package (ToxCalc 1999). Probit analysis is used where two or more partial responses to exposure are shown.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Immobilisation after 24 and 48 h
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia |
|||||||
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
10 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
15 |
18 |
4 |
4 |
8 |
40 |
9 |
6 |
15 |
75 |
32 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
56 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
Table 2: Measured concentration of the test item during exposure
|
0 h fresh [mg/L] |
% of nominal |
24 h old [mg/L] |
% of nominal |
24 h fresh [mg/L] |
% of nominal |
48 h old [mg/L] |
% of nominal |
Control |
< LOQ |
- |
< LOQ |
- |
< LOQ |
- |
< LOQ |
- |
1.0 |
0.916 |
92 |
0.592 |
59 |
0.812 |
81 |
< LOQ |
- |
1.8 |
1.57 |
87 |
1.13 |
63 |
1.49 |
82 |
0.12 |
7 |
3.2 |
2.94 |
92 |
2.13 |
66 |
2.63 |
82 |
1.23 |
38 |
5.6 |
5.15 |
92 |
3.49 |
62 |
4.61 |
82 |
2.33 |
42 |
10 |
9.33 |
92 |
6.81 |
68 |
8.63 |
86 |
4.70 |
47 |
18 |
16.6 |
92 |
12.5 |
69 |
15.3 |
85 |
9.58 |
53 |
32 |
30.0 |
94 |
22.4 |
70 |
27.5 |
86 |
18.4 |
57 |
56 |
51.9 |
93 |
39.1 |
70 |
48.5 |
87 |
34.3 |
61 |
100 |
94.5 |
95 |
76.2 |
76 |
87.1 |
87 |
22.4 |
22 |
Table 3: Measured concentration of benzoic acid (hydrolysis product) during exposure
|
0 h fresh [mg/L] |
24 h old [mg/L] |
24 h fresh [mg/L] |
48 h old [mg/L] |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
1.0 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
1.8 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
0.0625 |
0.0565 |
3.2 |
0.0563 |
< LOQ |
0.0835 |
< LOQ |
5.6 |
0.0973 |
0.0607 |
0.127 |
< LOQ |
10 |
0.112 |
0.0651 |
0.217 |
< LOQ |
18 |
0.230 |
0.0692 |
0.338 |
< LOQ |
32 |
0.489 |
0.142 |
0.595 |
< LOQ |
56 |
1.25 |
0.364 |
1.25 |
< LOQ |
100 |
1.99 |
0.681 |
2.07 |
< LOQ |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
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