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EC number: 466-380-9 | CAS number: 52350-17-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 01 Dec 2016 - 15 Feb 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: European Commission Technical Guidance Document EUR 20268 Determination of Particle Size Distribution, Fibre Length and Diameter Distribution of Chemical Substances
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 2002
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Department of Health, London, UK
- Type of method:
- cascade impaction
- Type of particle tested:
- aggregate
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Size:
- < 100 µm
- Distribution:
- 78.4 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sieve Method
- Size:
- < 10 µm
- Distribution:
- <= 0.87 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Cascade impactor method
- Size:
- < 5.5 µm
- Distribution:
- < 0.1 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: Cascade impactor method
- Conclusions:
- The nanoform of cesium tungsten trioxide rapidly agglomerates/aggregates upon drying after being suspended in water. The aggregates were mainly ≥ 10 µm ≤ 100 µm (> 79 %), with a small fraction (< 0.1 %) smaller than 5.5 µm.
- Executive summary:
During a particle size analysis using the seive/cascade impaction method used to determine particle size it was seen that the nanoform of cesium tungsten trioxide rapidly agglomerates/aggregates upon drying after being suspended in water.
This was shown by the results of this experiment whereby the sizes measured where mostly in the micrometre range. The aggregates were mainly ≥ 10 µm ≤ 100 µm (> 79 %), with a small fraction (< 0.1 %) smaller than 5.5 µm. The small fraction is below 5.5 µm is likely accounted for by unaggregated material (single nanoform particles).
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: JRC Identification of nanomaterials through measurements
- Version / remarks:
- 2019
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Appendix for nanoforms applicable to the Guidance on Registration and Substance Identification, ECHA
- Version / remarks:
- 2019
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Preparation of nanoparticles by cup horn sonication
- Version / remarks:
- version number 2.0, 14.07.2017 of the ERANET-SIINN Project NanoToxClass
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: An overview of concepts and terms used in the European Commission’s definition of nanomaterial, JRC
- Version / remarks:
- 2019
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable.
- Type of method:
- microscopic examination
- Remarks:
- High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).
- Type of particle tested:
- primary particle
- Type of distribution:
- counted distribution
- Remarks on result:
- other: size is based on direct measurement of particles on a TEM grid.
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 10.3 nm
- Remarks on result:
- other: d50 represents a median not mean value based on a number based size distribution. D50 is based on 760 individual particle diameter measurements.
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 5 nm
- Remarks on result:
- other: d10 is not a mean value but is based on a number based size distribution (percentile). D10 is based on 760 individual particle diameter measurements.
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 22.5 nm
- Remarks on result:
- other: d90 represents a median not mean value based on a number based size distribution. D90 is based on 760 individual particle diameter measurements.
Referenceopen allclose all
Results
Sieve Screening Test
The results of the sieving procedure are shown in the Table 2:
Table 2
Measurement |
Result |
Mass of test item transferred to sieve |
10.21 g |
Mass of test item passed through sieve |
8.00 g |
Percentage of test item less than 100μm |
78.4% |
Cascade Impactor
The results of the cascade impactor procedure are shown in Table 3:
Table 3
|
|
Collected mass (g) |
Collected mass (g) |
Collected mass (g) |
||||
Collection stage |
Particle size range collected (μm) |
Determination 1 |
Determination 2 |
Determination 3 |
||||
Artificial throat |
n/a |
0.06 |
0.15 |
0.04 |
||||
Cup 1 |
>10.0 |
2.9526 |
2.9260 |
3.1398 |
||||
Cup 2 |
5.5 to 10.0 |
0.0234 |
0.0194 |
0.0057 |
||||
Cup 3 |
2.4 to 5.5 |
0.0024 |
0.0008 |
0.0000* |
||||
Cup 4 |
1.61 to 2.4 |
0.0005 |
0.0003 |
0.0007 |
||||
Cup 5 |
0.307 to 1.61 |
0.0001 |
0.0000 |
0.0000* |
||||
Final filter |
<0.307 |
0.0000 |
0.0001 |
0.0000 |
||||
|
Total mass of collected test item |
3.0390 |
3.0966 |
3.1862 |
||||
|
Mass of test item added |
3.0646 |
3.1528 |
3.3034 |
||||
* Actual cup masses showed a minor apparent mass loss during these two measurements; however these values (≤ 0.0005 g) were considered both insignificant and negligible, and as such, considered within the repeatability tolerance of the balance used. A zero mass change has been used for cumulative test item mass calculations to prevent underestimation of the fine particle size fraction of the test item.
The cumulative amounts of test item collected in the three determinations for the individual particle size cut-points are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
|
Cumulative mass |
|
|
Cumulative percentage [%] |
|
|
Particle size cut point [µm] |
Det.1 |
Det. 2 |
Det. 3 |
Det.1 |
Det. 2 |
Det. 3 |
<10.0 |
0.0264 |
0.0206 |
0.0064 |
0.87 |
0.67 |
0.20 |
<5.5 |
0.0030 |
0.0012 |
0.0007 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<2.4 |
0.0006 |
0.0004 |
0.0007 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<1.61 |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.0000 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.307 |
0.0000 |
0.0001 |
0.0000 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
Overall cumulative percentage with a particle size less than 10.0μm: ≤ 0.87%
Mean cumulative percentage with a particle size less than 5.5μm: < 0.1%
Discussion
Sampling for the cascade impactor determinations was performed by
rolling the test item container for approximately 10 minutes then
sampled from the top, middle and bottom. The overall results from the
cascade impactor were taken as limit values due to the variation between
the sampling positions; this gives a worst case scenario.
Too few particles were of a size less than 10.0μm to allow accurate assessment of the mass median aerodynamic diameter.
The inhalable fraction is defined as the mass fraction of particles which can be inhaled by nose or mouth, the thoracic fraction is defined as the mass fraction of particles that passes the larynx and the respirable fraction is defined as the mass fraction of particles that reaches the alveoli.
Conclusion
Particle size data acquired for the test item is shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Measurement |
Method |
Result |
Percentage of test item with an inhalable particle size < 100μm |
Sieve |
78.4% |
Percentage of test item with a thoracic particle size < 10.0μm |
Cascade impactor |
≤ 0.87% |
Percentage of test item with a respirable particle size < 5.5μm |
Cascade impactor |
< 0.1% |
Description of key information
The material was confirmed to be a nanoform in the spheroidal category with 100 % of particles measuring 1-100 nm, and have a D10, D50 and D90 of 5.0 nm, 10.3 nm and 22.5 nm, respectively, Rosenfeldt, 2020.
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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