Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 235-424-7 | CAS number: 12224-98-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella Mutagenicity Tests: V. Results from the Testing of 311 Chemicals
- Author:
- Errol Zeiger, Beth Anderson, Steve Haworth, Timothy Lawlor, and Kristien Mortelmans
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Volume 19, Supplement 21: 2-141 (1992)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Gene mutation toxicity study was performed to determine the mutagenic nature of C.I. Pigment Red 81
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate
- EC Number:
- 235-424-7
- EC Name:
- Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate
- Cas Number:
- 12224-98-5
- Molecular formula:
- C28-H31-N2-O3.x-Unspecified
- IUPAC Name:
- Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):C.I.Pigment red 81
- IUPAC name : Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate
- Molecular formula : C28H3N2O3.x-Unspecified
- Molecular weight: 443.5639 g/mol
- Smiles :CCNc1cc2c(cc1C)c(c3cc(c(cc3[o+]2)NCC)C)c4ccccc4C(=O)OCC
- InChI : 1S/C28H31N2O3/c1-6-29-23-15-25-21(13-17(23)4)27(19-11-9-10-12-20(19)28(31)32-8-3)22-14-18(5)24(30-7-2)16-26(22)33-25/h9-16, 29-30H,6-8H2,1-5H3/q+1
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Solid powder (dark pink)
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of the test material: Pigment Red 81
- EC name: Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate
- Molecular formula: C28H31N2O3.xUnspecified
- Molecular weight: 443.5639 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data available
- Purity: ≈ 50%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA97 and TA98
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- No data
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- 10% and 30% hamster liver S9 and 10% and 30% rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 or 10000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Pigment Red 81 was soluble in water
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Water
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98 and TA1538; Without S9) and 2-aminoanthracene (With S9; all strains)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: Preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 mins
- Exposure duration: 2 days
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2 days
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data available
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data available
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No data available
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data available
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data available
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No data available
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No data available
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data available
- Determination of endoreplication: No data available
- Other: No data available
OTHER: No data available - Rationale for test conditions:
- No data
- Evaluation criteria:
- The plates werwe observed for a dose dependent increase in the number of revertants/plate.
Evaluations were made at both the individual trial and chemical levels. Individual trials were judged mutagenic (+), weakly mutagenic (+ W), questionable (?),
or nonmutagenic (-), depending on the magnitude of the increase in his+ revertants, and the shape of the dose response. A trial was considered questionable (?) if the dose-response was judged insufficiently high to support a call of “+ W”, if only a single dose was elevated over the control, or if a weak increase was not dose-related.
A chemical was judged mutagenic (+) or weakly mutagenic (+W) if it produced a reproducible, dose-related response over the solvent control, under a single metabolic activation condition, in replicate trials. A chemical was judged questionable (?) if the results of individual trials were not reproducible, if increases in his+ revertants did not meet the criteria for a “+W” response, or if only single doses produced increases in hisf revertants in repeat trials. - Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA 97 and TA98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: No data
- Effects of osmolality: No data
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: No data
- Precipitation: No data
- Definition of acceptable cells for analysis: No data
- Other confounding effects: No data
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: Pigment Red 81 was run initially in a toxicity assay to determine the appropriate dose range for the mutagenicity assay. The toxicity assay was performed using TA100 or the system developed by Waleh et al. Toxic concentrations were defined as those that produced a decrease in the number of his+ colonies, or a clearing in the density of the background lawn, or both.
CYTOKINESIS BLOCK (if used)
- Distribution of mono-, bi- and multi-nucleated cells: No data
NUMBER OF CELLS WITH MICRONUCLEI
- Number of cells for each treated and control culture: No data
- Indication whether binucleate or mononucleate where appropriate: No data
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation and confidence interval (e.g. 95%)
- Positive historical control data: No data
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: No data
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: No data
- Other observations when applicable: No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Pigment Red 81 is negative in the preincubation assay on the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA 97 and TA98 with and without rat liver S9 and hamster liver S9 as the metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classsify as a gene mutant in vitro.
- Executive summary:
Gene mutation toxicity study was performed to determine the mutagenic nature of C.I. Pigment Red 81. The study was performed using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA 97 and TA98 with and without rat liver S9 and hamster liver S9 as the metabolic activation system. Preicubation assay was performed at dose levels of 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 or 10000 µg/plate. The plates were preincubated for 20 mins following an exporession duration of 48 hrs. The plates werwe observed for a dose dependent increase in the number of revertants/plate. Pigment Red 81 is negative in the preincubation assay on the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA 97 and TA98 with and without rat liver S9 and hamster liver S9 as the metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classsify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.