Alkylbenzenesulphonic acid compound with alkanolamine

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Remarks:

the tested substance is the acid component of the compound

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Followed guideline, well documented, with analytical results.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: US EPA, 1975. Reliability, deviations and validity evaluated against the criteria of USEPA 850.1075, 1996.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method:USEPA (1975) Stock solutions were made up in deionized water without the use of a solvent and metered into diluter chambers by peristaltic pump. Mortality was analyzed by four methods: (a) the toxic unit (TU) concept, (b) the additive index, (c) concentration addition, and (d) response addition.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Water samples for determination of test concentrations were collected at the beginning and end of each test.
- Sampling method: Samples were preserved with 1% formalin.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not available

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by diluting the materials in deionized water to the desired concentrations.
- Eluate: Not applicable
- Differential loading: Not applicable
- Controls: Prepared using deionized water.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): Not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill
- Strain: Not available
- Source: Not available
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Juvenile
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Mean standard length: 4.2 cm, range: 3.0-5.1 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Average: 1.1 g, range: 0.5-1.9 g
- Method of breeding: Not available
- Feeding during test: Not fed
- Food type: Not applicable
- Amount: Not applicable
- Frequency: Not applicable


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 10 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Not available
- Feeding frequency: Not available
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Not available


QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: Not applicable
- Health/mortality: Not applicable

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

Total hardness was 137 mg/L as CaCO3.

Test temperature:

Temperature was maintained at 20 ± 2 °C.

pH:

The pH varied from 7.8 to 8.1.

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen in the fish tests averaged 9.0 (ranged 8.4-9.6) mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Details of nominal and measured test concentrations are not available in the study report. Measured concentrations were 79 % of nominal concentrations. Results are based on measured concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed: Not available
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15 liter glass aquaria containing 10 liters of dilution water.
- Aeration: Not available
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 1.1 g/L


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was a blend of well water and deionized water, mixed to the desired hardness.
- Total organic carbon: Not available
- Particulate matter: Not available
- Metals: 10 heavy metals were measured, all were <0.2 mg/L.
- Pesticides: Not available
- Chlorine: Not available
- Alkalinity: Not available
- Ca/mg ratio: Not available
- Conductivity: Not available
- Culture medium different from test medium: Not available
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen, pH and hardness were monitored twice during the test.


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not applicable
- Photoperiod: 16 hours illumination
- Light intensity: Not available


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Fish mortality recorded 1, 3 and 5 hours after test initiation, and daily until test termination.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Not available
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Not applicable
- Range finding study: No

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.67 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 1.58-1.77mg/L

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Observations on body length and weight: None
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: None
- Other adverse effects control: None
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: None

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis of all mortality data in this study followed the procedures of Finney (1971).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

All the criteria of USEPA OPPTS 850.1075, 1996 were met

Conclusions:

The 96 h LC50 of C11.8 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1.67 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations of active ingredient.

Executive summary:

In a 96 h acute toxicity study, Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to C11.8 LAS under static conditions. Nominal concentrations were not specified in the report. Measured concentrations were 79 % of nominal concentrations. The 96 h LC50 value, based on measured concentration, was 1.67 mg a.i./L, with 95% CL 1.58 to 1.77 mg/L. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for the current USEPA OPPTS 850.1075 (1996) acute fish toxicity study.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Remarks:

the tested substance is the amine component of the compound

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study with acceptable restriction (e.g. non-GLP)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)- Method: The product was added to the test water without any pretreatment; subsequently the fish were placed into the aquaria after 20 min.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM- Common name: Zebra fish- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ca. 3.5 months- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 3.29 cm (range: 2.8-3.6 cm)- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.305 g (range: 0.16-0.45 g- Method of breeding: - Feeding during test: 1 day before and during exposureACCLIMATION- Acclimation period:- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): test conditions correspond to housing conditions- Type and amount of food:- Feeding frequency: - Health during acclimation (any mortality observed):QUARANTINE (wild caught)- Duration: - Health/mortality:

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

2.5 mmol/l (ca. 250 mg/l CaCO3)

Test temperature:

21-23 °C (average: 22.6 °C).

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: 0 (control), 46.4, 100, 215, 464, 1000, 2150, and 10000 mg/l; additional test concentrations with pH adjustment: 1000 and 10000 mg/lConcentration control analysis (recovery: 95-106 %)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM- Test vessel: : non-sealed all-glass aquaria (30x22x24 cm) - Fill volume: 10 l (water depth: ca. 17 cm) - Aeration: continuous and slight aeration with oil-free air - No. of organisms per vessel: 10- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1- Biomass loading rate: 0.3 g fish / l test waterTEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS- Source/preparation of dilution water: municipal freshwater (Frankenthal, Germany), not chlorinated, passed through an active carbon filter. Total hardness: acid capacity: 5.5 mmol/l, Ca: ca. 90 mg/l, Mg: ca. 10 mg/l, pH ca. 8.0-8.6- Intervals of water quality measurement: temperature, pH, and oxygen content after 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hOTHER TEST CONDITIONS- Photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h darknessEFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality and symptoms after 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

464 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 466 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: ; geometrical mean value

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

2 150 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

White sediment was visible on the bottom of the aquaria.To study the effect of the relatively high pH on the toxicity, the concentrations 1000 and 10000 mg/l were tested in parallel after pH adjustment. At 1000 mg/l (nominal, neutralized) no dead fish where observed after 96 h while at 10000 mg/l (nominal; neutralized) all fish died.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

data evaluation: the number of dosis tested did not allow for a Probit analysis to be performed, since the data did not yield intermittent values between the LC0 (ca. 1000 mg/l) and the LC100 (ca. 2150 mg/l). Therefore the geoemtric mean of the two concentrations was calculated: LC50 (96 h): 1466 mg/l (nominal, based on measured data)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Nominal concentration [mg/l]	Cumulative mortality (n)
	1 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	0	0	0	0	0	0
Control	0	0	0	0	0	0
46.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
100	0	0	0	0	0	0
215	0	0	0	0	0	0
464	0	0	0	0	0	0
1000x	0	0	0	0	0	0
1000x	0	0	0	0	0	0
2150	0	0	9	10	10	10
4640	6	10	10	10	10	10
10000	10	10	10	10	10	10
1000*	0	0	0	0	0	0
10000*	1	9	10	10	10	10

x: performed in duplicate
*: pH adjusted

Nominal concentration [mg/l]	Symptoms (n)
	1 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	-	-	-	-	-	-
Control	-	-	-	-	-	-
46.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
100	-	-	-	-	-	-
215	-	-	-	-	-	-
464	-	-	-	-	-	-
1000x	-	-	-	-	-	-
1000x	A	A	-	-	-	-
2150	A	AT	A	x	x	x
4640	AT	x	x	x	x	x
10000	x	x	x	x	x	x
1000*	-	-	-	-	-	-
10000*	A	A	x	x	x	x

Legend: A = apathy; T = tumbling

Nominal concentration [mg/l]	Oxygen concentration [mg/l]
	1 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	7.9	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.7
Control	8.1	7.9	7.3	7.4	7.7
46.4	8.1	7.9	7.9	8.2	7.6
100	8.1	8.0	7.9	8.2	7.8
215	8.0	7.9	7.7	8.1	7.7
464	8.1	7.9	7.7	8.2	7.7
1000x	8.1	8.2	8.1	8.4	8.0
1000x	7.9	8.0	7.5	7.4	8.0
2150	8.0	8.2	7.7
4640	8.1
10000	8.1
1000*	8.0	7.7	7.8	8.2	7.8
10000*	8.0	8.3

*: pH adjusted

Nominal concentration [mg/l]	pH
	1 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	8.4	8.3	8.3	8.4	8.4
Control	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.4	8.4
46.4	8.5	8.3	8.3	8.4	8.4
100	8.7	8.4	8.4	8.4	8.4
215	8.8	8.4	8.4	8.4	8.4
464	9.0	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.7
1000x	9.3	9.1	9.0	9.0	8.9
1000x	9.3	9.2	9.2	9.2	9.1
2150	9.5	9.5	9.4
4640	9.7
10000	10.0
1000*	8.6	8.4	8.3	8.4
10000*	8.7	8.7

Test item concentrations:

Nominal concentration [mg/l]	analytically detected concentrations (% of nominal)
	1 h	96 h
Control	+	+
Control
46.4	99.1	105.6
100	98.0	101.0
215	95.3	98.1
464	95.9	98.5
1000x	95.6	98.2
1000x
2150
4640
10000
1000*	95.9	99.2
10000*

+: not detectable

 

Description of key information

In a study by Lewis & Perry (1981) the 96 -h LD50 for fish for the sodium salt of the acid was found 1.67 mg/L (based on measured concentrations).

The BASF study on the amine component, a 96 -h LD50 of 1466 mg/L (BASF 1995) based on nominal concentrations was reported. As the analogue for the cationic part of the salt seems to be less toxic than the analogue for the anionic part of the salt, the LD50 value for the acid is taken as the representative value for the salt. The value of 1.67 mg/L is expected to represent the worst case.

The 96 h LC50 value, based on measured concentration, was 1.67 mg a.i./L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

1.67 mg/L

Additional information

The LC50 for the acid and its sodium salt ranged from 1.7 to 5.6 mg/L (nominal) in several studies. The value selected above is based on measured concentrations and is considered a worst case.