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EC number: 270-241-6 | CAS number: 68413-68-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- EC Number:
- 238-269-3
- EC Name:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Cas Number:
- 14323-43-4
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2H6N2Pd
- IUPAC Name:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Diamminedichloropalladium (II)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Cl2H6N2Pd
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 211.39 g/mole
- Physical state: yellow powder
- Analytical purity: >99.5%
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 50.33% Palladium
- Lot/batch No.: 11011
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31 October 2012
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature (15 - 30°C)
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken from the test media at test start and after 72 hours. At test start a sample of fresh control media and freshly prepared test media of each treatment were taken prior to distributing the test media to the test containers. After 72 hours samples of the replicate vessels from each treatment were pooled prior to analysis. Samples were taken and filtered (0.2µm). Solutions were acidified with nitric acid (target concentration 3% HNO3) and stored at 4°C until analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution of 19.87 mg diamminedichloropalladium/L was prepared by dissolving adequate amounts of test item in sterile growth medium in a sterile glass bottle and stirring for one hour. The stock solution was diluted with 10-fold concentrated growth medium and ultrapure water under sterile conditions to obtain the required test concentrations.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: freshwater alga
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG, Culture Collection of Algae at Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut of the University of Göttingen, Albrecht von Haller Institut, Untere Klarspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 22 °C
- pH:
- At test start: 7.88 - 8.09
At end of test: 7.29 - 8.12 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: Control, 1.24, 2.48, 4.97, 9.94 and 19.87 g DDP/L
corresponding to Control, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 µg palladium/L,
Mean measured (geometric mean) concentrations: Control, 0.140, 0.286, 0.765, 1.33 and 3.56 µg palladium/L,
corresponding to Control, 0.278, 0.569, 1.52,2.65 and 7.08 µg DDP/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Conical flask
- Type: covered with air-permeable silicon sponge caps
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 250 mL containing 100 mL test medium
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: sterile ultrapure water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Light intensity and quality: OSRAM "day light" 4440 - 8880 Lux (60 - 120 µE/m2/s)
- Shaken at a rate of 100 rpm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: Not reported - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.03 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 3.58 - 4.85
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.84 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 2.50 - 3.16
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.64 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.88 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 5.27 - 6.22
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.74 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 2.56 - 4.45
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.64 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.03 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 1.80 - 2.44
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.43 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 1.26 - 1.59
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.33 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.96 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 2.65 - 3.13
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.88 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 1.29 - 2.24
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.33 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Palladium
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The sensitivity of the test organism is routinely checked using 3,5-dichlorophenol. The nominal ErC50 value of 2.91 mg/L (95% confidence limits 2.35 - 3.63 mg/L) is in good agreement with the results of an international ring test with ErC50 of 3.38 ± 1.30 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Test results were statistically analysed to determine EC values together with 95 % confidence intervals using Probit-analysis assuming log-normal distribution of the values. Individual replicate responses were used for the regression analysis.
The NOEC and LOEC values for growth rate were determined by the Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction and for yield by the Williams Multiple Sequential t-test.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC10 for growth rate were 5.88 and 3.74 μg test item/L, respectively based on mean measured concentrations of diamminedichloropalladium. For yield the EYC50 and EYC10 values were 4.03 and 2.84 μg /L. NOEC for both growth rate and yield were 2.64 μg test item/L.
Based on the mean measured concentrations of dissolved palladium, the EC50 values for growth rate and yield were 2.96 and 2.03 μg Pd/L. The EC10 values were 1.88 and 1.43 μg Pd/L for growth rate and yield, respectively. The NOEC values for both growth rate and yield were calculated to be 1.33 μg Pd/L. - Executive summary:
A GLP compliant, OECD guideline study to assess algal growth was carried out (Fraunhofer 2012). It is considered to be suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.
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