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EC number: 234-421-8 | CAS number: 12003-13-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1972
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- The data was collected and selected by competent authority.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not known
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not known
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No data was available
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Not available
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna, Cyclops sp.
- Test type:
- other: Not availalble
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- pH:
- 5 - 8.5
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- immobilization
- Effect conc.:
- 3.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total aluminum
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.7
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- immobilization
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- total aluminum
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.5 - 8.2
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Maximum acute alumium toxicity
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.3 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 5 and 6.5 in soft water with 2.5mg/L Ca
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of aluminum ion varied with test conditions, e.g. pH.
Immobilization toxicities for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L at pH 7.7. - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of aluminum ion varied with test conditions, pH and so on. Immobilisation toxicities for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L at pH 7.7.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test method was described in detail.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- grade: American Chemical reagent grade
Treatment: Stock solution was prepared in lake water. The solution was aged for at least 4 days to allow them to become chemically equilibrated before being used for testing animals. - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance was dissolved in lake water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: a laboratory clone
- Source: The University of Michigan
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 12 h-old (0 - 24h)
- Feeding during test once a week
- Food type: not known
- Amount: 1ml/L
- Frequency: Twice a week for rearing and once a week for testing - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other: lake water see table
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 18±1°C
- pH:
- 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Near the saturation at all time
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Not specified
- Details on test conditions:
- 10 daphnids 12±12 hr old were placed in duplicate test chambers and subjected to test conditions for 2 days (48 hor).
Tests were run both with and without food additions. Complete immobilization or death was the endpoint. - Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.65 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- Aluminum
- Remarks on result:
- other: Daphnia pulex adult
- Remarks:
- Without food
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- soluble metal
- Effect conc.:
- 153.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- element (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ceriodaphnia dubia neonate
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing approximations of the 95% confidence limits for survival.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Immobilisation toxitiy (LD50 ) of dissolved aluminum ion to Daphnia magna was 3.65 mg/L (corresponds to 18.0 mg/L as Aluminum chloride) without food.
Immobilisation toxicity (LD50) of dissolved aluminum ion to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L (corresponds to 757.99 mg/L as aluminum chloride). - Executive summary:
Immobilisation toxitiy (LD50 ) of dissolved aluminum ion to Daphnia magna was 3.65 mg/L (corresponds to 18.0 mg/L as Aluminum chloride) without food.
Immobilisation toxicity (LD50) of dissolved aluminum ion to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L (corresponds to 757.99 mg/L as aluminum chloride).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test was conducted with fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide. The particle size of fine titanium dioxide is about 380 nm and that of ultra fine titanium dioxide is 140 nm.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not known
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L test concentrations were clear and colourless with no precipitation at start. The 10 and 100 mg/L test concentrations were cloudy (white in colour) and had suspended substance present at start.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Less than 24 h old
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not known
- Test temperature:
- Fine titanium dioxide 20.2 °C (20.1 - 20.3 °C)
Ultra fine titanium dioxide 20.1 °C (20.0 - 20.2 °C) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- One chamber was used per test substance with 10 organisms in each chamber.
unaerated static test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- EC50 of titanium dioxide was more than 100 mg/L -48 h.
The results demonstrated that fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide particles exhibited low concern for aquatic hazard in unaerated, 48 h, static acute test. - Executive summary:
EC50 of titanium dioxide was more than 100 mg/L -48 h. The results demonstrated that fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide particles exhibited low concern for aquatic hazard in unaerated, 48 h, static acute test.
Referenceopen allclose all
Acute lethality for Daphnia sp. and Cyclops sp. at 0.1 mg/L for 72 h
Mortality varied with pH:
80 – 100 % at pH5
25 – 30 % at pH6.0 – 7.2
50 – 60% at pH 8.5
Immobilization of Daphnia magna
|
% immobility |
|||
Concentration |
0.1 mg/L |
1.0 mg/L |
10.0 mg/L |
100.0 mg/L |
Fine TiO2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
Ultra fine TiO2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
Description of key information
Acute toxicity of aluminum ion varies in test conditions such as pH, water hardness and so on. Immobilisation toxicity to Daphnia magna for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L as Al at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L as Al at pH 7.7.
Another test said that LC50 was 38.2 mg/L-48 h as aluminum at pH 7.05 and hardness 220 mg/L as CaCO3.
Toxicities to Daphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia were reported, LC50 to Daphnia pulex 3.65 mg/L-48 h without food and LC50 to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L-48 h as aluminum.
As for Titanium, titanium trichloride decomposes gradually to titanium oxide and hydrogen chloride in water, which exposes to the air. Titianium oxide is very poorly soluble in water at neutral pH(<0.1 μg/L); Excess titanium dioxide will be present as precipitate. Toxicity of titanium dioxide is very low, >100 mg/L.
The additional released hydrogen chloride is considered irrelevant as its pH effect should be excluded according to the test guideline and additional chloride ion is non-toxic and with regard to the high natural background concentration.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 112 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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