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EC number: 201-539-6 | CAS number: 84-54-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Repeated dose toxicity: Oral
The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for test substance in male and female rats during subchronic repeated dose toxicity study.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
According to Annex IX of the REACH regulation, testing by the inhalation route is appropriate only if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. Taking into account the low vapour pressure of the substance 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone ( 84-54-8), which is reported as 8.700716e-7mmHG.. Thus, exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone is highly unlikely. Therefore this study is considered for waiver.
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
The acute toxicity value for 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone ( 84-54-8) (as provided in section 7.2.3) is >2000 mg/kg body weight. The substance was also found to be not irritating to skin. Also, given the use of the chemical as dye intermediate and used for all kinds of dye products; repeated exposure by the dermal route is unlikely. Thus, it is expected that 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone shall not exhibit 28 day repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. In addition, there is no dermal absorption data as well as no data available that suggests that 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone shall exhibit repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. Hence this end point was considered for waiver.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mention below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Weight of evidence prepared from various publication mention below
1,To evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of test substance in male and female Crj: CD (SD) rats.
2,To evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of test substance in male and female Wistar rats. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: 1,Crj: CD(SD) 2,Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Source: Japan SD system was carried from Charles River (Ltd.) [Crj: CD (SD)]
- Age at study initiation: 5 week old
- Weight at study initiation: male -168-183 g, female 138 162 g
- Fasting period before study: No data available.
- Housing: Housed individually in wire mesh cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Solid feed [Nosan Co., lab MR stock] ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: Male rat 8 days ,female rat 9 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3 ℃,
- Humidity (%): 55± 10%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 or more times
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): lighting 12 hours (at 6-18) - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: Sesame oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Administration solution, which was prepared by suspending the pharmacopoeial sesame oil (Miyazawa Pharmaceutical), was sealed stored under the cold shielding until use. Test substance drug substance and administration solution of the test substance was confirmed to be stable.
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Sesame oil
- Concentration in vehicle: 0,100 ,300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 0.5 ml per body weight 100 g.
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- No data
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1,28 days
2, 13 weeks - Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0,100 ,300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day - Remarks:
- 0,100 ,330 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Total no of animals 72
0 mg/kg/bw/day- 6 male and 6 female
100 mg/kg/bw/day - 6 male and 6 female
300 mg/kg/bw/day - 6 male and 6 female
1000 mg/kg/bw/day - 6 male and 6 female
In 14 days recovery period
0 mg/kg/bw/day- 6 male and 6 female
1000 mg/kg/bw/day- 6 male and 6 female - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: A 14 days repeated oral toxicity Study was observed in 1 group 4 males and 4 females, and the 0,100,250,500,1000 and 2000 mg / kg / day dose was administered for 14 day daily by oral gavage. General state, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology testing, in the blood biochemical examination and organ weight, suggest change the toxicity of the test substance was observed. In the autopsy, the cecum of expansion was observed in male and female in all cases of 2000 mg / kg group. Therefore the final dose selected for this study was 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day.
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included.- General behaviour
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Body weight was measured on day1 of administration (immediately before administration on the first day of administration), 3 days and thereafter twice a week, every 3 or 4 days, and on the day of slaughter.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available.
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): - No data available.
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data available.
- Time schedule for examinations:
- Dose groups that were examined:
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
Blood collection was performed in the administration period and at the time of necropsy, the day after the end of the recovery period. Animals were excreted from 5 pm the day before blood collection and only water was fed. The collected blood was divided into three, a part of which was subjected to coagulation (prevention treatment with EDTA), and the number of red blood cells (electric resistance detection method), the number of red blood cells Hematocrit value (pulse detection method), average red blood cell volume, average red blood cell hemoglobin amount, mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (calculated values), white blood cell count and platelet count (both above, electric resistance detection Method), smear samples were prepared, and reticulocyte count (Brilliant cresyl blue staining) and leukocyte% (MayGiemsa staining) were measured. In addition, a part was treated with a 3.8% sodium citrate solution to obtain plasma, and the plasma prothrombin time (Quick single step method) and activated partial thromboplastin time (elastinic acid activity Method) was measured.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
Serum was separated from a part of the collected blood and analyzed for total protein (Biuret method), albumin (BCG), A / G (BCG) by a biochemical automated analyzer [JEOL Ltd., JCAVX1000 type cleaner] the ratio (calculated value), blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (or more, enzymatic method), total bilirubin (Jendrassik method), urea nitrogen (UreaseUV method), creatinine (Jaff method), GOT, GPT, γGTP ( or more Sodium, potassium and chlorine were added to an alkaline phosphatase (GSCC method), calcium (OCPC method) and inorganic phosphorus (enzymatic method) by an electrolyte automatic analyzer [Toa Denpa Kogyo Co., Ltd., NAKL1]
.
URINALYSIS: Yes
Male urine sample was received on 22 days of administration and 13 days after the administration, female’s urine sample was received on 26 or 27 days after administration and 12 days after administration finished. In order to collect the sample , rats were housed in a metabolism cage for about 3 hours .Urine sample was observed for appearance, specific gravity , pH, occult blood, proteins, sugar, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen [all of these, Martistics, Miles • Sankyo Co., Ltd.] and sediment (stained with URICEL solution, Cambridge Chemical Products Co.) .
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data available.
OTHER: No data available - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Organ weight was observed for following organs- brain, heart, thymus, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenal glands, testis, epididymis and ovaries.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Histopathological examination was performed by fixing the organs in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin solution.
In control group and 1000 mg / kg/day group, the brain, pituitary, eyeball, thyroid (including parathyroid gland), thymic gland, The pancreas, the testicle, the epididymis, the seminal vesicle, the prostate, the ovary, the uterus (cyst), the trachea, the lung, the liver, the kidney, the spleen, the adrenal gland, the stomach, the small intestine (duodenum jejunum ileal) , Vagina, bladder, lymph node (cervical lymph node / mesenteric lymph node), spinal cord (neck enlarged part • hip swollen part), sciatic nerve, bone marrow were examined. In addition, since thymus weight was changed in females of 100 mg / kg group, 100 and 300 mg / kg group was also examined for female thymus. In the examination, paraffin sections were prepared by a conventional method and subjected to microscopic examination with haematoxylineosin staining - Other examinations:
- No data
- Statistics:
- Statistics was observed by Dunnett's multiple comparison tests in administration group while in recovery group it is measured by T-test and U-test.
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Mortality- Mortality was not observed at all dose level in treated group both in administration and recovery group. Clinical sign-No significant change were observed in the clinical sign at dose level of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control both in administration and recovery group.
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- Mortality- Mortality was not observed at all dose level in treated group both in administration and recovery group. Clinical sign-No significant change were observed in the clinical sign at dose level of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control both in administration and recovery group.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Body weight- No significant change were observed in the body weight at dose level of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control both in administration and recovery group.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Food consumption- No significant change were observed in the food consumption at dose level of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control both in administration and recovery group.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- Haematology: Significant decrease in white blood cell count was observed in males in the 1000 mg / kg treated group compare to control. Decrease in white blood cell count was mainly due to the decrease in lymphocytes in view of the percentage of white blood cells. There was no significant change in white blood cell count in the recovery group of 1000 mg / kg /day treated group.
Clinical chemistry: Significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in male at dose level of 1000 mg / kg/day group. Significant increase in GPT was observed in females while significant decreases in blood glucose were observed in females in the 100 and 1000 mg / kg groups. Reduction in blood glucose was observed in the 1000 mg / kg/ day treated group compare to control group. In the 1000 mg / kg recovery group, such changes were not observed, and were recovered.
Urinanalysis: Significant increase in specific gravity and decrease in pH were observed in males at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day in treated group compare to control both in administration and recovery group.
Organ weights: Significant decrease in the absolute and relative weights of the thymus was found in females in the 100 mg / kg/day treated group compare to control. A significant increase in the relative weight of the spleen was observed in the females of each group (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day) treated with the test substance .But when dose and organ weight were correlated, No specific change was observed in result.
Gross pathology: Mild dilatation due to cecal contents retention was observed at dose level of 1000 mg / kg/day of treated group compare to control. There was no change in the cecum in the recovery group of 1000 mg / kg.
Histopathology: Mild changes in the lung, liver, pancreas, kidney and prostate were observed in the control group and 1000 mg / kg/day group, but findings were dose independent. - Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No significant change were observed in mortality, clinical sign, body weight food consumption, haematology , clinical chemistry and urine analysis and gross pathology and histopathology.
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effect were observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1 000 other: mg/kg/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No toxic effects were observed at this dose
- Remarks on result:
- other: No toxic effects were observed
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for test substance in male and female rats during subchronic repeated dose toxicity study.
- Executive summary:
The data available from various publication was reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test substance by repeated exposure by oral route. The study is as mentioned below:
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route;
In 28 days repeated dose toxicity study for test substance was determined in in male and female Crj: CD (SD) rats when they were exposed in a concentration of 0,100,300 and 1000mg/ kg /day for 28 days by oral gavage. There was recovery period of 14 days in control and 1000 mg/kg/day group. No significant change were observed in mortality, clinical sign, body weight food consumption at dose level of100 ,300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control. Significant change were observed in thehaematology , clinical chemistry and urine analysis , organ weight and gross pathology and histopathology at dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day of treated group. These changes were not recovered during recovery period. No significant changes were observed at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day. Therefore the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for test substance in male and female Crj: CD (SD) rats during 28 days repeated dose toxicity study.
In order to evaluate the toxicological properties of chemical substance, was administered orally to male and female Wistar rats 7 days/week for 13 weeks. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 408. The dosage was 0, 100, 330 and 1000 mg/kg bw, and the vehicle (5% aqueous tylose) administration group was provided as a control. Animals were examined with respect to in-life-observations (viz. mortalities and clinical signs of toxicity, body weight and food-/water consumption were recorded.), clinical pathology (viz. haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis) and anatomic pathology (viz. organ weights, necropsy, histopathology.).Three mortalities (1♂, week 5, control group; 1♀, week 13, 330 mg/kg-group; 1♀, week 6, 1000 mg/kg-group) occurred intercurrently but were not substance related. No clinical signs of toxicity were seen in any group. Food- and water consumption were the same in test- and control groups. Haematology results (total and differential blood count) of test animals did not differ from controls throughout the experiment. The same holds for clinico-chemical parameters, except for protein content in serum in females of the 1000 mg/kg-group, which was increased as compared to controls. However, the level found was within the biological variability range on record for female rats of this age and was therefore not considered substance related. Necropsy-findings in the animals which had died intercurrently, revealed no pathological changes attributable to the test substance. Neither did the animals which were sacrificed pursuant to protocol at the end of the study exhibit any such changes. Differences in organ weights, if observable at all (e.g. spleen in♀'s), were small and not dose dependent. Histopathology did not reveal any organ change or–damage in any one of the dose groups. Based on the above study, the toxicologically no adverse effect amount by repetitive oral administration of test substance for 13 weeks was observed and hence under this test condition NOAEL was considered to be1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Weight of evidence prepared from various publication.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Various data available for the test chemical was reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test substance upon repeated exposure by oral route. The studies are as summarized below:
Repeated dose toxicity: Oral
In 28 days repeated dose toxicity study for test substance was determined in in male and female Crj: CD (SD) rats when they were exposed in a concentration of 0,100,300 and 1000mg/ kg /day for 28 days by oral gavage. There was recovery period of 14 days in control and 1000 mg/kg/day group. No significant change were observed in mortality, clinical sign, body weight food consumption at dose level of100 ,300 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day in treated group compare to control. Significant change were observed in the hematology , clinical chemistry and urine analysis , organ weight and gross pathology and histopathology at dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day of treated group. These changes were not recovered during recovery period. No significant changes were observed at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day. Therefore the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for test substance in male and female Crj: CD (SD) rats during 28 days repeated dose toxicity study.
In order to evaluate the toxicological properties of chemical substance , was administered orally to male and female Wistar rats 7 days/week for 13 weeks. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 408. The dosage was 0, 100, 330 and 1000 mg/kg bw, and the vehicle (5% aqueous tylose) administration group was provided as a control. Animals were examined with respect to in-life-observations (viz. mortalities and clinical signs of toxicity, body weight and food-/water consumption were recorded.), clinical pathology (viz. haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis) and anatomic pathology (viz. organ weights, necropsy, histopathology.Three mortalities (1♂, week 5, control group; 1♀, week 13, 330 mg/kg-group; 1♀, week 6, 1000 mg/kg-group) occurred intercurrently but were not substance related. No clinical signs of toxicity were seen in any group. Food- and water consumption were the same in test- and control groups. Haematology results (total and differential blood count) of test animals did not differ from controls throughout the experiment. The same holds for clinico-chemical parameters, except for protein content in serum in females of the 1000 mg/kg-group, which was increased as compared to controls. However, the level found was within the biological variability range on record for female rats of this age and was therefore not considered substance related. Necropsy-findings in the animals which had died intercurrently, revealed no pathological changes attributable to the test substance. Neither did the animals which were sacrificed pursuant to protocol at the end of the study exhibit any such changes. Differences in organ weights, if observable at all (e.g. spleen in♀'s), were small and not dose dependent. Histopathology did not reveal any organ change or–damage in any one of the dose groups. Based on the above study, the toxicologically no adverse effect amount by repetitive oral administration of test substance for 13 weeks was observed and hence under this test condition NOAEL was considered to be1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
According to Annex IX of the REACH regulation, testing by the inhalation route is appropriate only if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. Taking into account the low vapour pressure of the substance 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone ( 84-54-8), which is reported as 8.700716e-7mmHG.. Thus, exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone is highly unlikely. Therefore this study is considered for waiver.
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
The acute toxicity value for 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone ( 84-54-8) (as provided in section 7.2.3) is >2000 mg/kg body weight. The substance was also found to be not irritating to skin. Also, given the use of the chemical as dye intermediate and used for all kinds of dye products; repeated exposure by the dermal route is unlikely. Thus, it is expected that 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone shall not exhibit 28 day repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. In addition, there is no dermal absorption data as well as no data available that suggests that 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone shall exhibit repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. Hence this end point was considered for waiver.
Based on the data available from the test chemical, the test substance is not likely to exhibit repeated dose dermal toxicity. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a repeated dose dermal toxicity as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the data available from the test chemical, the test substance is not likely to exhibit repeated dose dermal toxicity. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a repeated dose dermal toxicity as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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