Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 276-763-0 | CAS number: 72676-55-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- November 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken from the control and each test group from the bulk test preparation at 0 hour and from the pooled replicates at 48 hours for quantitative analysis. Samples were analyzed immediately after sampling.
Duplicate samples were taken and stored frozen for further analysis, if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Information provided by the Sponsor indicated the functional solubility of the test item in water to be less than 320 mg/L. Preliminary solubility work conducted indicated that it was not possible to obtain a testable solution of the test item using traditional methods of preparation, e.g. ultrasonication and high shear mixing.
Based on this information the test item was categorized as being a ‘difficult substance’ as defined by the OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (OECD 2000). Therefore a media preparation trial was conducted in order to determine the solubility of the test item under test conditions.
Experimental Preparation
Test concentrations for the definitive test were selected based on available ecotoxicity data. A nominal amount of test item (2500 mg) was dispersed in 5 liters of test water with the aid of ultrasonication for 30 minutes. After sonication any undissolved test item was removed by filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter (first approximate 500 mL discarded in order to pre-condition the filter) to give a 100% v/v saturated solution. A series of dilutions was made from this saturated solution to give further stock solutions of 32, 10, 3.2, 1.0 and 0.32% v/v saturated solution. Due to the light sensitive nature of the test item, all test item preparation was performed under laboratory safety lighting.
Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
The concentration and stability of the test item in the test preparations was verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 hours.
Due to the light sensitive nature of the test item, all test item preparation was performed under laboratory safety lighting and all sample bottles were shielded from the light.
Results
Nominal Loading Rate (mg/L) Measured Concentration (mg/L)
10 9.47
100 98.5
500 259
1000 257
2000 253
Discussion
It is evident from these results that the limit of saturation of the test media was achieved at a nominal loading rate of 500 mg/L. Loading rates in excess of 500 mg/L did not result in an increase in the dissolved test item concentration obtained.
Based on this information the test item was prepared using a saturated solution method of preparation at an initial loading rate of 500 mg/L, dispersed with the aid of ultrasonication of 30 minutes prior to the removal of any undissolved test item by filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter (first approximate 500 mL discarded) to give a measured test concentration of approximately 260 mg/L. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Adult daphnia were maintained in 150 mL glass beakers containing Elendt M7 medium in a temperature controlled room at approximately 20°C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension. Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis. Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- 21 +/- 1 degC.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations :
0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 % v/v saturated solutions
Mean measured test concentrations :
Verification of Test Concentrations
Analysis of the freshly prepared test preparations at 0 hour showed measured test concentrations to range from less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method, determined to be 0.021 mg/L to 187 mg/L. Analysis of the old or expired test preparations at 48 hours showed measured test concentrations ranged from less than the LOQ to 192 mg/L. It was considered appropriate to base the results on the mean measured concentrations.
Lower measured concentrations were observed in this study compared to those measured in the preliminary media preparation trial. This difference in the functional solubility of the test item could be attributed to the differences in test media required in this study, but was considered not to have had an adverse effect on the outcome or integrity of the study. - Details on test conditions:
- Exposure Conditions
In the definitive test 250 mL glass jars containing approximately 200 mL of test preparation were used. At the start of the test (within 30 minutes of the test media being added to the vessels), 5 daphnids were placed in each test and control vessel at random. Four replicate test and control vessels were prepared.
The test vessels were then covered to reduce evaporation and maintained in a temperature controlled room for 48 hours at approximately 21°C in darkness. The daphnids were not individually identified, received no food during exposure and the test vessels were not aerated. The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item. The test preparations were not renewed during the exposure period.
Any immobilization or adverse reactions (abnormal behavior or appearance) to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that daphnia were considered to be immobilized if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation. Water temperature and pH were recorded daily in one replicate for each test and control group throughout the test. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were recorded at the start and termination of the test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 1.4 - 6.1 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- At the start and throughout the test all control and test solutions were observed to be clear colorless solutions.
The test was considered to be valid given that none of the control daphnids showed immobilization or other signs of disease or stress and that the oxygen concentration throughout the test was =3 mg/L in the control and test vessels.
Temperature was maintained at approximately 21°C throughout the test. While there were no treatment related differences for oxygen concentration, concentration dependent differences in pH were observed throughout the test. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A positive control test was conducted between 05 March 2014 and 07 March 2014, with used potassium dichromate as the reference item at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L. Exposure conditions for the positive control were similar to those in the definitive test. The 48 hour EC50 was 0.71 mg/L. The NOEC, based upon less than 10% immobilization at this concentration, was 0.56 mg/L and the LOEC was 1.0 mg/L. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference item.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48 hour EC50 of 5,5'-Dithiodi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione to Daphnia magna is 3.0 mg/L, based on mean measured concentrations. The NOEC is 1.4 mg/L, and the LOEC is 6.1 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In an OECD 202 study, conducted according to GLP, the 48 hour toxicity (EC50) of 5,5'-Dithiodi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna)is 3.0 mg/L, based on the mean measured test concentration.
Reference
Cumulative Immobilization Data in the Definitive Test
Nominal Concentration |
Mean Measured Test Concentration |
Cumulative Immobilized Daphnia |
|||||||||||
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
||||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
||
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.32 |
<LOQ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
1.44 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
6.13 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
19 |
95 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
19 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
32 |
60 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
100 |
190 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
100 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 3 mg/L
Additional information
Key Study:
In an OECD 202 study, conducted according to GLP, the 48 hour toxicity (EC50) of 5,5'-Dithiodi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna)is 3.0 mg/L, based on the mean measured test concentration (Envigo Research Limited, 2016d).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.