Cyanamide

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2006-02-16

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: The UN manual of Tests and Criteria-Test methods for self-reactive substances: UN-Test C.1, C.2, E.1, E.2, E.3

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

UN-Test C.1 (time/pressure test)

Test critera and method of assessing results: The test results are interpreted in terms of whether a gauge pressure of 2070 kPa is reached and, if so, the time taken for the pressure to rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge.

The test criteria are as follows: -

- “Yes rapidly”: The time for pressure rise from 690kPa to 2070 kPa is less than 30 ms

- “Yes slowly”: The time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa is greater than equal to 30 ms

- “No”: A pressure rise to 2070 kPa above atmospheric is not achieved

Results: “Yes, slowly” (slow deflagration).

UN-Test C.2 (deflagration test)

Test critera and method of assessing results: The test results are interpreted in terms of whether a reaction zone will propagate downwards through the substance and, if so, the rate of propagation. The participation of oxygen from the air in the reaction at the sample surface is negligible after the reaction zone has propagated over a distance of 30 mm. The reaction zone will extinguish if the substance does not deflagrate under the test conditions. The propagation velocity of the reaction zone (deflagration rate) is a measure of the susceptibility of the substance to deflagration under atmospheric pressure.

The test criteria are as follows:

- “Yes”, rapidly”: The deflagration rate is greater than 5.0 mm/s

- “Yes, slowly”: The deflagration rate is less than or equal to 5.0 mm/s and greater than or equal to 0.35 mm/s

- “No”: The deflagration rate is less than 0.35 mm/s or the reaction stops reaching the lower mark

Results: “No” (no deflagration).

Total assessment of the two tests: “No”

Un-Test E.1 (Koenen test)

The test criteria are as follows:

-“Violent”: The limiting diameter is greater than or equal to 2.0 mm

-“Medium”: The limiting diameter is equal to 1.5 mm

-“Low”: The limiting parameter is equal to or less than 1.0 mm and the effect in any test is different from type “O”

-“No”: The limiting diameter is less than 1.0 mm and the effect in all tests is type “O”

Results: “Low” (very weak effect during heating under defined confinement)

Test E.2 (Dutch pressure vessel)

The test criteria are as follows:

- “Violent”: Rupture of the disc with an orfice of 0.9 mm or greater and a sample mass of 10.0 g

- “Medium”: No rupture of the disc with an orifice of 9.0 mm but rupture of the disc with orifice of 3.5 mm or 6.0 mm and a sample mass of 10.0 g

- “Low”: No rupture of the disc with an orifice of 3.5 mm and a sample mass of 10.0 g but rupture of the disc with an orifice of 1.0 mm or 2.0 mm and a sample mass of 10.0 g or rupture of the disc with an orifice of 1.0 mm and a sample mass of 50.0g

- “No”: No rupture of the disc with an orifice of 1.0 mm and a sample mass of 50.0 g

Result: “Medium” (middle effect during heating under defined confinement)

Test E.3 (United States pressure vessel test)

The test criteria are as follows:

The effect of heating under confinement of the substance is defined by the following criteria:

- “Violent”: Substances having USA-PVT numbers 9.0 to 24.0

- “Medium”: Substances having USA-PVT numbers 3.5 to 8.0

- “Low”: Substances having USA-OVT numbers 1.2 to 3.0

- “No”: Substances having USA-PVT number 1.0

Results: “Medium” (middle effect during heating under defined confinement)

Total assessment (E.1, E.2 and e.3): “Medium”

Interpretation of results:

not classified based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

According to the UN-tests (C.1,C.2, E.1, E.2, E,3) of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria the test substance Cyanamid F1000 is not flammable. It has no tendency to deflagrate and it is effected to a "medium" level during intense heating under defined confinement.

Executive summary:

The flammability tests for solids provide a burning rate. This is used by the classification criteria to assign a hazard class. Flammability of Cyanamid F1000 was examined in 5 tests: UN-Test C.1, C.2, E.1, E.2, E.3 which are part of the test methods for self-reactive substances of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and were performed by the Sicherheitstechnisches Prüfzentrum Hanau of Degussa.

The UN test C.1 also known as time/pressure test (performed with a time/pressure apparatus) and the UN test C.2 also known as deflagration test (performed with a Dewar vessel and a timer) are used to measure the ability of a substance under confinement to propagate a deflagration. The UN-Test E.1 (Koenen test), E.2 (Durch pressure vessel test), E.3 (USA pressure vessl test) examine the sensitivity of substances to the effect of intense heating under defined confinement.

Results of the tests showed that Cyanamid F1000 has no deflagration characteristics and that sensitivity of Cyanamid F1000 to intense heating under defined confinement can be defined as “medium” (see in "Remarks on results"). All in all the Cyanamid F1000 can be categorized as not flammable. The results of these same tests assigned Cyanamid F1000 following the flow-chart for self-reactive substances of class 4.1 to type D (GHS/CLP section 2.8.4.2 Figure 2.8.1) or as stated in the BAM expert opinion as a not self-reactive substance of class 4.1 of the dangerous goods regulation.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 3

Endpoint:

pyrophoric liquids

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 4

Endpoint:

pyrophoric solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Reference 5

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is completely molten at 160°C

Reference 6

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be soluble in water to form a stable mixture

Description of key information

The substance has not to be classified as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

not classified

Additional information

Flammable gases

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for gases. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable gas.

 

Flammable liquid

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

 

Flammable solids

The flammability tests for solids provide a burning rate. This is used by the classification criteria to assign a hazard class. Flammability of Cyanamid F1000 was examined in 5 tests: UN-Test C.1, C.2, E.1, E.2, E.3 which are part of the test methods for self-reactive substances of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and were performed by the Sicherheitstechnisches Prüfzentrum Hanau of Degussa.

The UN test C.1 also known as time/pressure test (performed with a time/pressure apparatus) and the UN test C.2 also known as deflagration test (performed with a Dewar vessel and a timer) are used to measure the ability of a substance under confinement to propagate a deflagration. The UN-Test E.1 (Koenen test), E.2 (Durch pressure vessel test), E.3 (USA pressure vessl test) examine the sensitivity of substances to the effect of intense heating under defined confinement.

Results of the tests showed that Cyanamid F1000 has no deflagration characteristics and that sensitivity of Cyanamid F1000 to intense heating under defined confinement can be defined as “medium” (see in "Remarks on results"). All in all the Cyanamid F1000 can be categorized as not flammable. The results of these same tests assigned Cyanamid F1000 following the flow-chart for self-reactive substances of class 4.1 to type D (GHS/CLP section 2.8.4.2 Figure 2.8.1) or as stated in the BAM expert opinion as a not self-reactive substance of class 4.1 of the dangerous goods regulation.

 

Pyrophoric liquids

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

 

Pyrophoric solids

In accordance with section 2.10.4 Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.10.4.1 the classification procedure for pyrophoric solids needs not to be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the solid does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the solid is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)). Based on the experience in handling and use the substance is not known to ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric solid.

 

Self-heating substances and mixtures

In accordance with column 2 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex VII and ECHA guidance IR/CSA chapter R7.A the UN Test method N.4 for self-heating substances and mixtures does not need to be conducted if the melting point is < 160 °C. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification.

 

Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VI and with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex I section 2.12.4 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.12.4.2 the classification procedure for this hazard class needs not to be applied. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance does not react with water and in addition the test substance is not pyrophoric. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification.

 

Flammable Aerosols

Section 2.4.2 of Guidance on the application on the CLP Criteria state as follows: “Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state." Thus, as the substance does not meet the definition for aerosol, the test for aerosols was waived. Consequently the substance has not to be considered for classification for this hazard class.

 

In conclusion, the substance have not to be considered as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.7, Section 2.9, Section 2.10 Section 2.11, Section 2.12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008,, as amended for the eighteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2022/692, and UN GHS Rev 8 (2019) the test item has not to be classified as, readily combustible solid in class 4 Division 4.1, flammable liquid, self-heating substance in Class 4 Division 4.2, substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases in Class 4 Division 4.3, pyrophoric liquid, pyrophoric solid in class 4 Division 4.2, flammable gases in class 2 or as aerosol in class 2.