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EC number: 232-094-6 | CAS number: 7786-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Remarks:
- Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions (not individual results reported...) and well-documented publication report which mees basic scientific principles.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 982
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium chloride
- EC Number:
- 232-094-6
- EC Name:
- Magnesium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7786-30-3
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Mg
- IUPAC Name:
- magnesium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- MgCI2 from Sigma Chemical Co was certified ACS grade.
Examination of the lot analysis of MgCl2 indicated that amounts of contaminants, if present, were insufficient to induce mutagenesis
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Thymidine kinase (TK) +/- -3.7.2 heterozygote of L5178 mouse lymphoma cells
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Media, serum, and reagents have been described by Clive and Spector (1975). All cells were thawed from frozen stock and maintained in Fischer's medium for leukemic cells of mice containing 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, Pluronic F68, sodium pyruvate, penicillin G, and streptomycin sulfate.
Background spontaneous TK -/- mutant frequencies were reduced weekly by 24-h treatment of the cells with medium containing thymidine, hypoxanthene, methotrexate, and glycine. - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other:
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 36,000 - 32,000 - 30,000 - 28,000 - 26,000 - 24,000 - 22,000 µg/ml.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Sterile glass distilled water.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Remarks:
- with and without S9 metabolic activation. EMS was purchased from Eastman Chemicals (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- The test system was based on the procedure described by Clive et al. (1975, 1979) with modifications to the cloning procedure.
MgCl2 were diluted in sterile glass-distilled water, and 0.1 ml of dilution was added to a 10-ml suspension containing 6 X 10E6 cells from a culture recently cleansed of TK-/- cells. When testing with activation, the 10-ml suspension included 4 ml of an appropriate dilution of S9 with cofactor mix. Cultures containing either MgCl2, positive or solvent controls were incubated for 4 h at 37°C.
After exposure, the cells were washed twice, fresh medium was added, and the cultures were carried through a 2-day expression period. The cultures were counted after day 1 and readjusted to 3 X 10E5 cells per milliliter if necessary.
On day 2 a modified cloning procedure was followed. A sample from each culture was centrifuged and the cells resuspended at 500,000 viable cells per milliliter in Fischer's medium. The concentrated cells were serially diluted and appropriate dilutions plated in triplicate in cloning medium with and without trifluorothymidine (TFT). Approximately 500,000 viable cells (as determined by exclusion of trypan blue) were plated on each of three selective medium plates containing 2 Mg/ml TFT (Sigma), and 100 cells were cloned on each of three nonselective plates for each test and control tube. Cell inocula were added directly into 100-mm tissue culture plates, followed by the addition of about 30 ml cloning medium. The plates were swirled gently to ensure even dispersal of the inocula, allowed to gel, and then incubated at 37°C for approximately 12 d before they were counted. A New Brunswick Scientific automatic colony counter was used to determine the number of colonies per plate. - Evaluation criteria:
- Total survival was determined by the method of Clive and Spector (1975) which combines growth in suspension culture and soft cloning efficiency data.
The mutation frequency (MF) was calculated as the number of mutants per 105 colony-forming cells.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- See table in "any other information"
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: Thymidine kinase +/-
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mutagenic responses of Mouse lymphoma L5178Y Cells following exposure to MgCl2
Chemical | Dose (µg/ml) | Percent total survival | Mutation frequency | Increase over solvant |
Solvent | 0 | 100 | 17.9 | - |
EMS | 620 | 20 | 136.3 | 7.6 |
MgCl2 | 36,000 | 1 | 19.0 | - |
32,000 | 15 | 13.3 | - | |
30,000 | 15 | 16.2 | - | |
28,000 | 46 | 15.6 | - | |
26,000 | 75 | 11.6 | - | |
24,000 | 101 | 13.1 | - | |
22,000 | 94 | 14.6 | - | |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results : negative
The in vitro gene mutation test in mouse lymphoma cells (thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y) on MgCl2 shown no treatment related increase in mutation frequency. - Executive summary:
MgCl2 was examined for its potential to induce forward mutations at the thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.
Test doses of MgCI2 evoked little or no enhancement of mutation compared to the solvent control. Only at 36,000 µg/ml was the response to mutation frequency greater than the solvant control, and this was at 1% total survival. These results were not altered by metabolic activation of the test system. While toxicity from exposure to MgCl2 might be related only to abnormal osmotic conditions, these results suggest that low survival levels (<10%) do not necessitate nonspecific enhancement in Mouse Lymphoma.
In conclusion, a negative response was obtained with MgCl2
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