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EC number: 271-678-5 | CAS number: 68603-87-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-Across from glutaric acid, which is a structural analogue and serves well as a representative substance for the carboxylic acid mixture.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-B (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Modified OECD Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material :
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: 97°C (Merck-Index)
- Boiling point: 303°C (Merck-Index)
- Vapour pressure: 3,84*10-6 hPa at 25°C (Yaws, 1994)
- Water solubility (under test conditions): 1600 g/L (at 25°C Yalkowsky, 1992)
- log Pow: -0.29 (Hansch&Leo, 1995)
- pKa: pK1 = 4,34; pK2 = 5,22 (Merck-Index)
OTHER PROPERTIES
- Adsorption characteristics: adsorption coefficient (Log Koc) 1.066 (calculated by EPIWIN) - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Type: mixed population of aquatic microorganisms
- Origin: effluent of a domestic waste water treatment plant (Wupper area water authority, Germany)
- effluent concentration: 0.5 mL / 900 mL
- pretreatment: none - Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Aniline shows 100% degradation within 7 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Glutaric acid is readily biodegradable. After 14 days 100 % of the test substance had been degraded in a Modified OECD Screening Test.
- Executive summary:
Glutaric acid is readily biodegradable. After 14 days 100 % of the test substance had been degraded in a Modified OECD Screening Test. (EU Method C.4-B (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Modified OECD Screening Test)).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-Across from succinic acid, which is a structural analogue and serves well as a representative substance for the carboxylic acid mixture.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: other guideline: "Biodegradation test of chemical substance by mircoorganisms etc." stipulated in the order Prescribing the Items of the test relating to the new chemical substance (1974)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This guideline corresponds to 301C, ready biodegradability: modified MITI Test (I) stipulated in the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals (May 12, 1981)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: 185-187°C (Merck-Index)
- Boiling point: 235°C (Lide, 2002)
- Vapour pressure: 2.55e-7 hPa at 25°C /Yaws, 1994)
- Water solubility: 83.2 g/L at 25°C (Yalkowsky, 1992)
- log Pow: -0.59 (Hansch & Leo, 1995)
- pKa: 4.21 at 25°C (Lide, 2002)
OTHER PROPERTIES
- Adsorption characteristics: adsorption coefficient (Koc) 6.3 (calculated by EPIWIN) - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: sludge samplings from different sewage plants, rivers, bays and a lake in Japan
- Details on inoculum:
- sludge samplings from different sewage plants, rivers, bays and a lakes
sludge conc.: 30 mg/l related to BOD - Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 78
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: related to BOD
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: HPLC analysis
- Parameter:
- % degradation (TOC removal)
- Value:
- 99
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: TOC analysis
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- After 14 days, succinic acid showed 78 % degradation realting to BOD, and 100% degradation relating to the test substance concentration.
- Executive summary:
A test on ready biodegradability was conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)). After 14 days, succinic acid showed 78 % degradation realting to BOD, and 100% degradation relating to the test substance concentration.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-Across from adipic acid, which is a structural analogue and serves well as a representative substance for the carboxylic acid mixture.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: 151°C (Rhodia Study, 2008)
- Boiling point: 337.5°C at 1013 hPa (Merck Index)
- Vapour pressure: 0.097 hPa at 18.5°C (Kirk-Othmer)
- Henry's law constant (for volatie substances): 9,656e-9 hPa m³/mol 25°C (Currenta, 2009)
- Water solubility: 23 g/L at 25°C (MITI, 1992)
- Solubility in organic solvents: Adipic acid is not stable in alcohol. The corresponding ester is formed (Beyer, 2004).
- log Pow: 0.093 at pH 3.3 (BASF-Study, 1988)
- pKa: 4.34-5.44 at 18°C; 4.43-5.42 at 20°C; 4.43 at 25°C (Beilstein, 2003)
- Base or acid catalysis of test material:
- UV absorption: t1/2 = 2,9d (Currenta, 2009)
OTHER PROPERTIES
- Adsorption characteristics: adsorption coefficient (Koc) 21.5 (Currenta, 2009)
- Toxicity to microorganisms: Activated sludge, 3-hour EC50 4747 mg/l (Bayer AG, 1988) - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- 1 drop of effluent per liter
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 83
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The biodegradation rate is 83 % after 30 d.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of adipic acid was tested according to OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test). The biodegradation rate is 83 % after 30 d.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Guideline study according to OECD guideline 302B.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- -Source: BASF sewage plant
-Dry weight of sluge in supply vessel: 6g/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 7 d
- Initial conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- - pH adjusted: yes (no further information)
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 93
- Sampling time:
- 1 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 99
- Sampling time:
- 7 d
- Details on results:
- Control of physical and chemical stability of the test substance (without inokulum):
Stocksolution of Test substance: 3g/L, TOC=DOC= 1350 mg/L,
within 10 days the test substance is stabil (calculated initial DOC concentration=400 mg/L, measured DOC 0d=401 mg/L, measured DOC 10d=422 mg/L). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The biodegradation rate is 99 % after 7 d.
- Executive summary:
The inherent biodegradability of carboxylic acids was tested according to OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test). The biodegradation rate is 99 % after 7 d.
Referenceopen allclose all
Test ends after 14 days, as 100 % of glutaric acid was degraded.
A blank control (sterile mineral medium only), positiv control (aniline as refer-ence compound at 100 mg/l) and succinic acid control (succinic acid in pure water at 100 mg/l) in 300 ml were incubated simultaneously. Oxygen consumption resulting from biodegradation of the compounds was measured over 14-day test period using an Okura Electric Closed System Oxygen Consumption measuring apparatus (Coulometer). Percentage biodegradation was calculated based on BOD, TOC and HPLC analysis.
The test solutions were maintained in a darkened room at a temperature of 25 ±1 °C and continuously stirred by magnetic stir bars over the 14-day test period.
related to BOD
Calculated initial DOC concentration: 400 mg/L
Measured, corrected initial DOC concentration: 417 mg/L
Measured DOC concentration after 3h: 397 mg/L
Measured values:
Date1988 | Day | Control DOC (mg/L) | Testsubstance DOC (mg/L) | Size of DOC Elinmination (%) | pH |
29.9. | 0 | --- | 453/451 | -14 | 4.2 |
29.9. | 3h | 13 | 390/397 | 5 | 7.7 |
30.9. | 1 | 13 | 43/37 | 93 | 8.2 |
2.10. | 2 | 13 | 14/12 | 100 | 8.1 |
6.10. | 7 | 13 | 16/18 | 99 | 8.6 |
Description of key information
Carboxylic acids, di-, C4-6 is readily biodegradable as well as inherently biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Several screening tests on biodegradation in water are available resulting in ready biodegradability of the substance. The test were carried out with the mixture and the single acids.
There is one test available carried out to assess the ready biodegradability of the multi constituent substance “dicarboxylic acids”. The test substance was a residue from adipic acid manufacturing containing the following composition: 60 % adipic acid, 14 % glutaric acid, 6 % succinic acid, 10 % carbon, 6.5 % vanadium pentoxide, 3 % copper nitrate and 5 % copper (Bayer, 1988c). Using this mixture, a Closed Bottle Test was performed resulting in 56 % degradation after 28 days of exposure. It is discussed in the ICCA OECD/HPV-program, that it is not clear how the compounds other than the dicarboxylic acids affect the biodegradation. Therefore, the study should not be used for assessment.
In a test on ready biodegradability of adipic acid conducted according to the OECD guideline 301 D (Determination of the Ready biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) 83 % degradation was observed after 30 days (Gerike, 1979). Although, no information on the 10-day window criterion is given, and more than 70% of the test substance has been degraded indicating a potential for complete ultimate biodegradation, it is considered that the criteria for ready biodegradability are fulfilled.
Regarding the ready biodegradability of succinic acid, an aerobic ready test, performed according to the national Japanese standard method comparable to the OECD TG 301 C guideline. After a period of 2 weeks more than 90% biodegradation of succinic acid was observed (MITI, 2002).
Concerning ready biodegradability of glutaric acid, 100 % of the test substance had been degraded after 14 days in a Modified OECD Screening Test. (EU Method C.4-B (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Modified OECD Screening Test)) (Bayer AG, 1993).
Based on this result the substance should be classified as readily biodegradable.
With regard to dicarboxylic acids, only one test for inherent biodegradation of dicarboxylic acids in water exists. The test was performed according to OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test). The biodegradation rate was 99 % after 7 d (BASF, 1988).
Based on these results the subtsance is considered to be inherently biodegradable.
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