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EC number: 210-483-1 | CAS number: 616-45-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparative testing and validation programme based on scientific principles and comparable to (later) established guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: sewage treatment plant effluent
- Details on inoculum:
- In the ring test effluents of different industral waste water treatment plants was used:
Bayer AG: Bürrig sewage treatment plant effluent,
Hüls AG: CWH activated sludge test plant effluent,
BASF AG: industrial sewage treatment plant effluent,
Merck: Industrial sewage treatment plant effluent,
Henkel & Cie GmbH: Hochdahl sewage treatment plant effluent,
Solvay: effluent (source not reported). - Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Parameter:
- other: BOD5
- Remarks:
- % BOD
- Value:
- ca. 44.9
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: average of the three results depicted below
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 39.5 other: % BOD (5 d)
- Remarks on result:
- other: result a
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 42.1 other: % BOD (5 d)
- Remarks on result:
- other: result b
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 53.2 other: % BOD (5 d)
- Remarks on result:
- other: result c
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Rapid biodegradation was observed.
- Executive summary:
In a ring test effluents of different industral waste water treatment plants was used to investigate biodegradability of the test substance N-methylpyrrolidone according to OECD guideline 301 D (Closed-Bottle Test): Bayer AG: Bürrig sewage treatment plant effluent, Hüls AG: CWH activated sludge test plant effluent, BASF AG: industrial sewage treatment plant effluent, Merck: Industrial sewage treatment plant effluent, Henkel & Cie GmbH: Hochdahl sewage treatment plant effluent, Solvay: effluent (source not reported).
The test substance N-methylpyrrolidone showed rapid biodegradation.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial (adaptation not specified)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 9 d
- Initial conc.:
- 1 298 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- preparation of the test assay:
- inoculum: 1 g/L dry weight
- incubation: at room temperature (20-25 °C) on a magnetic stirrer, aerated with air (sparging) - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- ca. 98
- Sampling time:
- 9 d
- Details on results:
- Kinetic of test substance (in %):
< 0 after 3 hour(s)
ca. 82 after 5 day(s)
ca. 85 after 7 day(s) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- other: easily eliminated from water
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was easily eliminated from water.
- Executive summary:
An inherent biodegradation test was performed in accordance with OECD guideline 302 -B (Zahn-Wellens Test). Test was completed after exposure time of 9 days, since a complete degradation (98% DOC removal) was achieved in this time period.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Guideline study, basic data given but no detailed test protocol available as the tests from the Japanese authorities are only published as short result summary including deviations (if oocured). Nevertheless, test details are given by MITI guideline and an overall test description of CITI Japan.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Sludge was taken from 10 different sites in Japan (municipal STPs, industrial STPs, lakes, rivers and bays)
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L dry substance - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): no data
- Test temperature: 25 °C +/- 1 °C
- pH: 7.0
- pH adjusted: yes
- other: Improved type for a volatile substance used (no further details given)
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Toxicity control: yes (Aniline)
TEST SYSTEM
- Measuring equipment: Closed system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (Coulometer: Ohkura Electric Co Ltd.)
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: Soda lime No.1 (extra pure reagent, Wako Pure Chemicals Ind. Ltd.) - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 73
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- RS-Freetext:
- Based on BOD measurements:
% BOD/ThBOD (28 d): #1: 73, #2: 73, #3: 73, mean: 73
- Based on TOC measurements:
% TOC removal (28 d): #1: 96, #2: 95, #3: 98, mean: 96
- Based on GC measurements:
% NMP removal (28 d): #1: 100, #2: 100, #3: 100, mean: 100 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Test substance N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) can be classified as ready biodegradable
- Executive summary:
A biodegradation test according to OECD guideline 301 C (MITI test) was performed with N-methylpyrrolidone. test period was 28 days, sludge of 10 different japanese municipal sewage treatment plants was used as inoculum. Based on the observed results, the test substance N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) can be classified as ready biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions (eg. inoculum: industrial activated sludge instead of sludge of a wwtp treating domestic sewage).
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial (adaptation not specified)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 13 d
- Initial conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 98
- Sampling time:
- 13 d
- Details on results:
- - Kinetic of elimination:
Time DOC Blank Test substance [mg/L DOC] DOC elimination [%]
[d] [mg/L] #1 #2 #1 #2 mean
0 400
3 hours 395 21 405 402 3 4 4
1 390 21 387 402 6 2 4
2 386 18 344 357 16 12 14
5 386 40 60 62 95 94 95
7 386 30 51 50 95 95 95
9 386 31 51 43 95 97 96
13 386 27 34 34 98 98 98
- The sigmoidal shape of the elimination curve is a strong indication of biodegradation
- Comment on the calculation of the elimination (%) after 3 h, on day 1 and day 2: samples were taken and the sample volume (approx. 50 mL) was replaced with tap water. Thus, the starting volume remained constant (approx. 2000 mL), but the reference value to calculate the elimination degree had to be corrected after each sampling. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- other: easily eliminated from water (mainly by biodegradation)
- Executive summary:
An inherent biodegradation test was also performed with N-methylpyrrolidone - a close analogue of 2 -pyrrolidone - in accordance with OECD guideline 302-B (Zahn-Wellens Test). The test was completed after exposure time of 13 days, since a complete degradation (98% DOC removal) was achieved in this time period.
Referenceopen allclose all
- Kinetic of degradation (mean values in % BOD) | ||||||||
Time [d] | BASF AG | Bayer | Huels | Henkel | Merck | Solvay | ||
a | b | c | ||||||
5 | 39.5 | 42.1 | 53.2 | 0 | 0.7 | 16.2 | 25 | |
15 | 85.1 | 101 | 116 | 85.4 | 2.1 | 0 | 86.9 | 68.0 |
30 | 85.1 | 122 | 98.8 | 94.9 | 4.7 | 0 | 95.4 | 85.0 |
TOC disapearance
Time |
3 h |
1 d |
5 d |
7 d |
9 d |
Replicate 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
TOC measured [mg/L] |
428 |
403 |
66 |
65 |
42 |
Theoretical TOC [mg/L] |
400 |
393 |
387 |
386 |
386 |
Blank [mg/L] |
12 |
18 |
25 |
19 |
32 |
TOC - Blank [mg/L] |
416 |
385 |
41 |
46 |
10 |
TOC elimination [%] |
0 |
2 |
89 |
88 |
97 |
Replicate 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
TOC measured [mg/L] |
422 |
333 |
63 |
61 |
37 |
Theoretical TOC [mg/L] |
400 |
395 |
390 |
389 |
389 |
Blank [mg/L] |
12 |
18 |
25 |
19 |
32 |
TOC - Blank [mg/L] |
410 |
375 |
38 |
42 |
5 |
TOC elimination [%] |
0 |
5 |
90 |
89 |
99 |
Comment on the calculation of the elimination (%): samples were taken at regular intervals and the sample volume was always replaced with tap water. Thus, the starting liquid volume remained constant whereas the TOC-reference point was reduced according to the sample volume.
Description of key information
Test substance and a close analogue - N-methylpyrrolidone - have been shown to be readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Ready biodegradability of 2 -pyrrolidone was demonstrated in an inherent biodegradation test, which was performed in accordance with OECD guideline 302-B (Zahn-Wellens Test). The test was completed after exposure time of 9 days, since a complete degradation (98% DOC removal) was achieved in this time period.
In a ring test effluents of different industral waste water treatment plants was used to investigate biodegradability of the close analogue of the test substance - N-methylpyrrolidone - according to OECD guideline 301 D (Closed-Bottle Test): Bayer AG: Bürrig sewage treatment plant effluent, Hüls AG: CWH activated sludge test plant effluent, BASF AG: industrial sewage treatment plant effluent, Merck: Industrial sewage treatment plant effluent, Henkel & Cie GmbH: Hochdahl sewage treatment plant effluent, Solvay: effluent (source not reported). The test substance N-methylpyrrolidone showed rapid biodegradation.
Moreover, a MITI-test according to OECD guideline 301 C by CITI (1992) is available, which prouve a close analogue of 2 -pyrrolidone - N-methylpyrrolidone - to be readiliy biodegradable as well. Test period was 28 days, sludge of 10 different japanese municipal sewage treatment plants was used as inoculum. Based on the observed results, the test substance can be classified as ready biodegradable.
In addtion, an inherent biodegradation test was also performed with N-methylpyrrolidone - a close analogue of 2 -pyrrolidone - in accordance with OECD guideline 302-B (Zahn-Wellens Test). The test was completed after exposure time of 13 days, since a complete degradation (98% DOC removal) was achieved in this time period.
All these results are confirmed by further available study reports.
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