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EC number: 205-634-3 | CAS number: 144-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September 11, 2015 to November 10, 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 15000900
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: May 20, 2017 - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The concentrations selected were 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L
- Sampling method: control, low (1 mg/L), intermediate (7.29 mg/L) and high (53.14 mg/L) test concentration samples were analysed by HPLC
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:room temperature - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) or suspension(s) including control(s)): OECD Medium - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): ATCC 22662 (Procured from LGC Promochem India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560 058)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: OECD medium
Pre- Culture:
- Pre-cullture period: 3 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- 72 hours
- Test temperature:
- Room temperature
- pH:
- 8.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The concentrations selected were 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Conical flask
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Initial cells density: 26,425 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 3020833.33 cells/mL
- Photoperiod: Continuous light
- Light intensity: 6580 – 6760 Lux
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: counting chamber;
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.7
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L concentration - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 12.61 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 11.69 - < 13.61 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 37.03 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 35.64 - < 38.46 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 7.04 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 6.48 - < 7.64 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 25.39 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 24.38 - < 26.45 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 18.89 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 18.01 - < 19.81 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 31.26 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 30.25 - < 32.31 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 6.22 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 5.76 - < 6.71 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 20.48 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 19.69 - < 21.3 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 7.55 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 7.06 - < 8.08 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 20.58 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 19.83 - < 21.35 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- 5.56 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 5.14 - < 6.01 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- 19.14 mg/L
- Effect conc.:
- > 18.39 - < 19.92 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- Based on the test results,
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '24' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 37.03 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 35.64 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 38.46 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '24' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 25.39 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 24.38 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 26.45 mg/L.
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '48' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 31.26 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 30.25 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 32.31 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '48' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 20.48 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 19.69 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.30 mg/L
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '72' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 20.58 mg/L with lower confidence limit of 19.83 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.35 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '72' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 19.14 mg/L with lower confidence limit of 18.39 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 19.92 mg/L. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Growth Inhibition study was performed in Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) in accordance with guideline OECD-201 with Potassium Dichromate. The concentrations used were 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 2.4 and 5.6 mg/L.
Initially on ‘0’ day approximately 18250 algal cells/ml were inoculated in conical flask containing OECD test medium. The volume of OECD test medium was 100 ml each in control and treatment groups. 6 replicates were maintained for control and 3 replicates for each test concentration. Prior to exposure, pre-culture was maintained for a period of 3 days.
On day of exposure algal cells were observed microscopically and cell count was carried out approximately at ‘24’, ‘48’ and ‘72’ hours after exposure with Haemocytometer. Microscopic observations revealed that the algal cells were normal appearance and no abnormality of the algal cell was observed on exposure to the test item.
Average Specific Growth Rate:
The percent inhibition on the average growth rate at the end of ‘72’ hour was 0.03%, 67.13%, 71.90%, 76.58% and 86.93% in test concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 2.4 and 5.6 mg/L respectively.
From the average specific growth rate recorded with the different test concentrations viz., 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 2.4 and 5.6 mg/L the concentration that inhibits 50% growth (ErC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated to be 1.20 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 1.15 mg/L and upper confidence limit of 1.26 mg/L.
The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was calculated as 0.5 mg/L and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was recorded as 0.2 mg/L respectively.
Yield:
The percent inhibition on the yield at the end of ‘72’ hour was 0.07%, 54.13%, 92.35%, 93.82% and 99.95% in test concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 2.4 and 5.6 mg/L respectively.
From the yield recorded with the different test concentrations viz., 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 2.4 and 5.6 mg/L, the concentration that inhibits 50% growth (EyC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was recorded as 0.67 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 0.65 mg/L and upper confidence limit of 0.69 mg/L.
The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was calculated as 0.5 mg/L and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was recorded as 0.2 mg/L respectively.
Based on the test results,
The ErC50 of Potassium Dichromate observed for a period of ‘72’ hour in freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 1.20 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 1.15 mg/L and upper confidence limit of 1.26 mg/L.
The EyC50 of Potassium Dichromate observed for a period of ‘72’ hour in freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 0.67 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 0.65 mg/L and upper confidence limit of 0.69 mg/L. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for growth rate were recorded as 19.68 mg/L and 53.14 mg/L respectively (24 hours)
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for growth rate were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L respectively (48 hours)
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for yield were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.70 mg/L respectively (72 hours)
The biomass in the control culture increased exponentially by a factor of more than 16 within the ‘72’ hour test period. This corresponds to a specific growth rate of 1.07 day – 1
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3 for ‘72’-hours test) in the control cultures was 1.4 %.
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rate during the whole test period in replicate control cultures did not exceed 7%. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the test results,
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '24' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 37.03 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 35.64 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 38.46 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '24' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 25.39 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 24.38 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 26.45 mg/L.
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '48' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 31.26 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 30.25 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 32.31 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '48' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 20.48 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 19.69 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.30 mg/L
The ErC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for test period of '72' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 20.58 mg/L with lower confidence limit of 19.83 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.35 mg/L.
The EyC50 of OXALIC ACID observed for a test period of '72' hour for freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated as 19.14 mg/L with lower confidence limit of 18.39 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 19.92 mg/L - Executive summary:
Growth Inhibition study was conducted inFreshwater green Algae(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)in accordance withOECD-201. Guideline with OXALIC ACID. Thetestconcentrationswere selectedas1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L.Test item was dissolved in the testmedium, as per OECD 201.
Initially on ‘0’ day,approximately 26425 cells/mLwereinoculated inaconical flask containingthe testmedium.The volume oftest medium was 100 mLin controlandeachtreatmentflasks.Sixreplicates were maintained for controland 3 replicates for eachtestconcentration.
Prior to the exposure,pre-culture was maintained for a period of3days. After the exposure on day ‘0’, algal cells were observed microscopically and the cell count was done atapproximately 24, 48 and 72 hoursby usingHaemocytometer. Microscopic observationrevealed if the cells were normal or abnormalinappearance postexposure tothe testitem.
Average Specific Growth Rate:
The percent inhibition on the average growth rate at the end of '24' hour was 0.15%, 3.12%, 5.16%, 11.87% and 76.19% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the average specific growth rate recorded with the different test concentrations viz., 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L, the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (ErC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated to be 37.03 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 35.64 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 38.46 mg/L.
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for growth rate were recorded as 19.68 mg/L and 53.14 mg/L respectively
The percent inhibition on the average growth rate at the end of '48' hour was -0.13%, 1.04%, 1.60%, 6.32% and 100.80% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the average specific growth rate recorded with the different test concentrations viz., 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L, the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (ErC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated to be 31.26 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 30.25 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 32.31 mg/L.
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for growth rate were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L respectively
The percent inhibition on the average growth rate at the end of '72' hour were 0.06%, 4.72%, 10.07%, 39.27% and 142.23% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the average specific growth rate recorded with the different test concentrations viz., 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L, the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (ErC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was calculated to be 20.58 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 19.83 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.35 mg/L.
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for growth rate were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.70 mg/L respectively.
Yield:
The percent inhibition on the yield at the end of '24' hour was 0.41%, 7.43%, 11.97%, 25.59% and 91.21% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the yield recorded with the different test concentrationsviz.,1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (EyC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)was calculated as 25.39 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 24.38 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 26.45 mg/L.
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for yield were recorded as 19.68 mg/L and 53.14 mg/L respectively
The percent inhibition on the yield at the end of '48' hour was 0.02%, 8.90%, 14.03%, 33.79% and 99.31% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the yield recorded with the different test concentrationsviz.,1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (EyC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)was calculated as 20.48 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 19.69 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 21.30 mg/L
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for yield were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L respectively
The percent inhibition on the yield at the end of '72' hour was 0.03%, 9.71%, 15.67%, 38.60% and 99.55% in test concentrations of 1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
From the yield recorded with the different test concentrationsviz.,1, 2.70, 7.29, 19.68 and 53.14 mg/L, the concentration that inhibited 50% growth (EyC50) of Freshwater green Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)was calculated as 19.14 mg/L, with lower confidence limit of 18.39 mg/L and the upper confidence limit of 19.92 mg/L.
The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for yield were recorded as 1 mg/L and 2.70 mg/L respectively
Analytical verification of the test item in the exposure medium sample was carried out in the test item concentrations of1, 7.29 and 53.14 mg/L. The samples at '0' hour and '72' hour were analyzed. The mean recoveries data are given below:
· '0' hour –94.83%, 95.96% and 94.32% for 1.0 mg/L, 7.29 mg/L and 53.14 mg/L respectively.
'72' hour –92.82%, 95.06% and 93.81% for 1.0 mg/L, 7.29 mg/L and 53.14 mg/L respectively
Reference
NOEC AND LOEC – AVERAGE GROWTH RATE |
||
|
24 hr |
48 hr |
NOEC |
19.68 mg/L |
1 mg/L |
LOEC |
53.14 mg/L |
2.7 mg/L |
NOEC AND LOEC – YIELD |
||
|
24 hr |
48 hr |
NOEC |
19.68 mg/L |
1 mg/L |
LOEC |
53.14 mg/L |
2.7 mg/L |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 19.14 mg/L
Additional information
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