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EC number: 221-882-5 | CAS number: 3268-49-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Test material not fully characterised, particle size distribution (MMAD and GSD) not reported, no data of individual animals given, 13 days study with 9 days exposure instead of 28 day study with 5 days exposure/week
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Reference
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- mass median aerodynamic diameter not given
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test:
Groups of male and/or female rats were exposed to a saturated vapor atmosphere of the test item for different times of exposure. The test atmosphere was generated statically or dynamically.
- Short description of test conditions:
1. Static exposure: Whole body exposure
120 - 250 g of liquid test substance were placed in an open tray at the top of a sealed 120 or 250 L stainless steel and glass exposure chamber. The atmosphere was allowed to equilibrate for a minimum of 6 h. The animals were then introduced into the chamber through a gasketted door. The test item atmosphere was generated as supplied or from test item which was previously sparged with nitrogen in an attempt to remove volatile impurities, notably acrolein.
The animals were exposed for 24, 40, 49, 60, 80, 97, 100, 195, 240, 360 and 380 min (refer to Table no. 1 under "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables").
- Parameters analysed / observed: clinical signs, mortality, gross necropsy, histopathological examination of lungs (only from animals exposed for 60 and 240 min); analytical determinations of the test item in the exposure chamber atmosphere.
2. Dynamic exposure: Whole body and nose-only exposure
The atmosphere was generated by metering liquid test substance from a piston pump into a heated evaporator maintained at the lowest temperature (91°C) sufficient to vaporise the liquid.
Whole body exposure was performed in a 900 L stainless steel glass and steel chamber, in which a countercurrent flow of air was passed through the vaporiser and vapor containing air was passed through the chamber.
For nose-only exposure, test item containing air was introduced at the top of the chamber, flowed past the nose-only ports and exhausted at the bottom of the chamber. The atmosphere was sampled at 6 min intervals to measure the test item and acrolein concentration (refer to Table no. 2 under "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables").
- Parameters analysed / observed: clinical signs, mortality, body weights, gross necropsy, histopathological examination of lungs (only from nose-only exposed animals); analytical determinations of the test item in the exposure chamber atmosphere. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- other: whole body and nose only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Remarks:
- in some cases sparged with liquid nitrogen, refer to table no. 1
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- for 60, 240, 360 and 380 min exposure only
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 - 380 min
- Concentrations:
- 60 min static exposure: 408 ± 4.5, 733 ± 22 and 935 ppm
240 min static exposure: 957 ± 220 ppm
360 min static exposure: 261 ± 20, 270 ± 51 and 328 ± 4.5 ppm
380 min static exposure: 261 ± 2 ppm
(Please refer to Tables no. 1 and 2 under "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables".) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5/sex (except for 935 ppm: 3 male, 7 female)
- Control animals:
- no
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 289 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: whole body exposure
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 1.19 ± 0.0081 mg/L air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 306 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: nose-only exposure
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 1.32 ± 0.344 mg/L air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 320 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: nose only exposure
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 1.38 mg/L air
- Mortality:
- Static exposure (whole body exposure for 24 - 380 min at 261 - 957 ppm): all animal of all concentrations and all exposure durations died (refer to Table no. 3 under "Any other information on results incl. tables").
Dynamic exposure (4 h exposure, whole body at 277 and 289 ppm): no mortality occurred.
Dynamic exposure (1 h exposure, nose-only at 320 ppm): no mortality occurred.
Dynamic exposure (4h exposure, whole body at 306 ppm): 1/5 males and 0/5 females died on Day 4 post exposure. - Clinical signs:
- other: Please refer to "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Body weight:
- Static exposure (whole body exposure for 24 - 380 min at 261 - 957 ppm): body weights were not recorded
Dynamic exposure (4 h whole body exposure at 277 and 289 ppm): reduced body weight gain during the whole study period
Dynamic exposure (1 and 4 h nose only exposure at 320 and 306 ppm): reduced body weight gain during the first week - Gross pathology:
- Static exposure (whole body exposure for 24 - 380 min at 261 - 957 ppm): dark red lungs, clear fluid in the trachea and thoracic cavity, livers with dark purple appearance, epithelium of the trachea and major bronchi were detached and there were areas of eosinophilic fibrillar material along the walls.
Dynamic exposure (4 h whole body exposure at 277 and 289 ppm, 1 and 4 h nose only exposure at 320 and 306 ppm): no abnormalities observed. - Other findings:
- Histopathology of lungs:
Static exposure (whole body exposure for 24 - 380 min at 261 - 957 ppm): mild to marked congestion, edema, scattered areas of alvolar haemorrhage.
Dynamic exposure (4 h whole body exposure at 277 and 289 ppm, 1 and 4 h nose only exposure at 320 and 306 ppm): no abnormalities observed. - Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 values in male and female rats were > 1.19 ± 0.0081 mg/L air (for 4 h whole body exposure) and > 1.32 ± 0.344 mg/L air (for 4 h nose-only exposure). The dose levels were below the recommended limit dose of current guidelines, therefore no conclusion on classification can be drawn.
Clinical signs of toxicity:
Static exposure (whole body exposure for 24 - 380 min at 261 - 957 ppm): lacrimation, nasal discharge, mouth and laboured breathing during exposure, wheezing rales and gasping breathing post-exposure.
Dynamic exposure (4 h whole body exposure at 277 and 289 ppm, 1 and 4 h nose only exposure at 320 and 306 ppm): slight lacrimation, bleopharospasm, occasional slight uniform salivation.
Table 3: Time to death in animals exposed under static conditions
Exposure time [min] | Sex | No. of animals/sex | Atmosphere sparged | Concentration [ppm] mean ± SD |
Time of death |
24 | female | 5 | No | NM | 1-9 days post exposure |
40 | male | 5 | No | NM | 1-2 days post exposure |
49 | female | 5 | No | NM | 1-2 days post exposure |
60 | female | 5 | No | 408 ± 4.5 | 4 h to 1 day post exposure |
60 | male/female | 3 male, 7 female | No | 935 | Day 1 post exposure |
60 | male/female | 5 | Yes | 733 ± 22 | Day 1 post exposure |
80 | male | 5 | No | NM | 1 during exposure, 4 on Day 4 post exposure |
97 | female | 5 | No | NM | 3 during exposure, 2 on Day 1 post exposure |
100 | male | 5 | No | NM | during exposure |
195 | female | 5 | No | NM | during exposure |
240 | male/female | 5 | No | 957 ± 220 | during exposure |
360 | female | 5 | No | 261 ± 20 | during exposure |
360 | female | 5 | Yes | 328 ± 4.5 | during exposure |
360 | male/female | 5 | Yes | 270 ± 51 | during exposure |
380 | male | 5 | No | 261 ± 2.4 | during exposure |
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute and repeated exposure toxicity of 3-(Methylthio) propionaldehyde.
- Author:
- Ballentyne B, Cawley TJ
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 42 (6), 330-336
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 998
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test:
Determination of systemic toxicity in rats upon repeated exposure via inhalation in a 13 day study.
- Short description of test conditions: Groups of 5 male and 5 female rats were exposed to the test item in whole body chambers at concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 50 ppm, corresponding to 0.00215, 0.0215 and 0.215 mg/L air or 2.15, 21.5 and 215 mg/m3 air. The animals were treated for 6 hours/day for 9 days (5 days in the first week and 4 days in the second week).
- Parameters analysed / observed: Physical observations, body weight, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis. - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 221-882-5
- EC Name:
- 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 3268-49-3
- Molecular formula:
- C4H8OS
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River laboratories (Kingston, New York, USA)
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 177 g (males, range: 167 - 189 g) and 119 g (females, range 112 - 129 g)
- Fasting period before study: No
- Housing: Individually in stainless steel wire mesh cages
- Diet: Certified Rodent Diet No. 5002 (PMI Nutrition International, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 23
- Humidity (%): 34 - 75
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
The air-alone controls were exposed in a 100 L chamber through which air was passed at 20 L/min. For the test item exposures, liquid test material was metered from a syringe pump on to the heated glass helix of a countercurrent volatization chamber. Air was fed through a flow meter into the volatization chamber countercurrent to the flow of the test item. The vapour-containing air was further diluted with additional air to achieve the desired concentration in the 200 L exposure chambers.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
Air was sampled 4 times each hour for measurement of the test item by means of an air pump drarwing chamber air into a 2-HMP coaed XAD-2 resin tube. The test item was extracted from the sampling tubes with carbon disulfide, and measured by a gas chromatography-flame ionization technique. Nominal concentrations were calculated based on a knowledge of the total amount of test item used and the air flow rates. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Exposure concentrations were measured by gas chromatography (GC) four times per chamber per day. Mean chamber concentrations were 0.47 ± 0.05 ppm, 4.99 ± 1.1 ppm and 50.5 ± 5.5 ppm.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 6 h
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours/day for 9 days (5 days in first week, 4 days in second week)
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.5 ppm (nominal)
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 2.15 mg/m3 air; corresponding to an analytical concentration of 0.47 ± 0.05 ppm or 2.0 mg/m3 air (dose levels in mg/m3 air were calculated as follows: [dose level in ppm x molecular weight] / 24.2)
- Dose / conc.:
- 5 ppm (nominal)
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 21.5 mg/m3 air; corresponding to an analytical concentration of 4.99 ± 1.1 ppm or 21.5 mg/m3 air (dose levels in mg/m3 air were calculated as follows: [dose level in ppm x molecular weight] / 24.2)
- Dose / conc.:
- 50 ppm (nominal)
- Remarks:
- corresponding to 215 mg/m3 air; corresponding to an analytical concentration of 50.5 ± 5.5 ppm or 217.4 mg/m3 air (dose levels in mg/m3 air were calculated as follows: [dose level in ppm x molecular weight] / 24.2)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: during exposure and daily thereafter
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: 6 and 2 days before exposure and on study Days 7 and 11.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Food consumption was measured for the week before exposures and for the 1st and 2nd exposure week.
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Not specified
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Not specified
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood was collected on the day following the final exposure from the retro-orbital sinus
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (CO2/O2 anesthesia)
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters examined: Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), erythrocyte count, reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count, total and differential leukocyte counts, prothrombin time and activated thromboplastin time.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood was collected on the day following the final exposure from the retro-orbital sinus
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (CO2/O2 anesthesia)
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: all animals
- Parameters examined: glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin (total, conjugated and unconjugated), Na+, K+, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate and sorbitol dehydrogenases, creatinine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase.
URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Urine was collected over an 16 h interval following the final exposure
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: No
- Parameters examined: appearance, specific gravity, osmolality, protein, glucose, ketones, pH, occult blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, creatinine and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
IMMUNOLOGY: No
BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID (BALF): No - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes. After 9 exposures, all animals were sacrificed, selected organs were weighed and organ/body weight and organ/brain weight ratios calculated. The following organs were weighed: Adrenal glands, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, ovaries and testes. Complete macroscopic postmortem examinations were conducted on all animals.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes. Histopathological evaluation of selected tissues were conducted on all animals. Histology was conducted on the organs that were weighed and additionally on the heart, larynx, trachea, nasopharyngeal tissues, spleen and urinary bladder.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Immunological findings:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Neuropathological findings:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 50.5 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no adverse effect observed
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to 0.217 mg/L air or 217.4 mg/m3 air
- Remarks:
- (dose levels in mg/m3 air were calculated as follows: [dose level in ppm x molecular weight] / 24.2)
Target system / organ toxicity
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of this study, the NOAEC for systemic toxicity was 50.5 ppm in male and female rats, corresponding to 217.4 mg/m3 air or 0.2174 mg/L air.
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