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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 November 2008 and 27 November 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Valid/accepted methods. GLPStudy conducted to GLP in compliance with agreed protocols with no deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiences which do not affect the quality of the relevant results
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.6800 (Modified Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test for Sparingly Soluble Chemicals)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Details on test material:
- dark red powder
Batch Number MB-1-A
Storage: Room temperature in dark
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Range Finding Test
The test concentration to be used in the definitive test was determined by a preliminary range-finding test.
In the range-finding test activated sewage sludge micro-organisms were exposed to a series of test concentrations of 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/I. The test material was dissolved directly in water.
An amount of test material (2000 mg) was dissolved in water with the aid of ultrasonication for approximately 10 minutes and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give a 2000 mg/I stock solution from which serial dilutions were made to give 200, 20 and 2.0 mg/I stock solutions. Aliquots (250 ml) of the 2.0, 20, 200 and 2000 mg/I stock solutions were each separately dispersed with synthetic sewage (16 ml), activated sewage sludge (200 ml) and water, to a final volume of 500 ml, to give the required concentrations of 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/I respectively. The volumetric flasks containing the stock solutions were inverted several times to ensure homogeneity of the stock solutions.
The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test material.
A reference material, 3,5-dichlorophenol (Sigma-Aldrich Batch No. 15402DH-367), was included in the range-finding test at concentrations of 3.2 and 32 mg/I in order to confirm the suitability of the inoculum.
An amount of reference material (160 mg) was dissolved in water with the aid of ultrasonication for approximately 20 minutes and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give a 160 mg/I stock solution. Aliquots (10 and 100 ml) of the 160 mg/I stock solution were removed and dispersed with activated sewage sludge and water to give the final concentrations of 3.2 and 32 mg/I. The volumentric flask containing the reference material was inverted several time to ensure homogeneity of the solution.
Definitive Test
Based on the results of the range-finding test a "limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 1000 mg/I (three replicate vessels) to confirm that at this concentration no effect on respiration of the activated sewage sludge was observed.
For the purpose of the definitive test, the test material was dissolved directly in water. An amount of test material (2000 mg) was dissolved in water with the aid of ultrasonication for approximately 10 minutes and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give a 2000 mg/I stock solution. Aliquots (3 x 250 ml) of this stock solution were separately dispersed with synthetic sewage (16 ml), activated sewage sludge (200 ml) and water, to a final volume of 500 ml, to give the required concentration of 1000 mg/I in triplicate. The volumetric flask containing the stock solution was inverted several times to ensure homogeneity of the stock solution.
The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test material.
Analysis of the concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test material in the test preparations was not appropriate to the Test Guideline.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- Test species: mixed population of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms was obtained on 21 November 2008 for the range-finding test and on 27 November 2008 for the definitive test from the aeration stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21°C and was used on the day of collection. The pH of the sample was 7.8 measured using a VVTW pH/Oxi 3401 pH and dissolved oxygen meter. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 ml) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 ml of deionised reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105°C for at least 1 hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained. The suspended solids concentration was equal to 4.0 g/l prior to use.
Synthetic sludge added to test vessel to act as a respiratory substrate:
16g Peptone
11g Meat extract
3g Urea
0.7g NaCl
0.4g CaCl2*2H2O
0.2g MgSO4*7H2O
2.8g K2HPO4
Dissolved in 1 litre of water
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 140 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- pH7.8 measured using a WTW pH/Oxi 3401 pH and dissolved oxygen meter
- Dissolved oxygen:
- In some instances, the initial and final dissolved oxygen concentrations were below those recommended in the test guidelines (6.5 mg 02/I and 2.5 mg 02/I respectively). This was considered to have had no adverse effect on the results of the study given that in all cases the oxygen consumption rate was determined over the linear portion of the oxygen consumption trace
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measurements based on nominal concentrations only. In the range-finding test activated sewage sludge micro-organisms were exposed to a series of test concentrations of 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/I. The test material was dissolved directly in water.Based on the results of the range-finding test a "limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 1000 mg/I (three replicate vessels) to confirm that at this concentration no effect on respiration of the activated sewage sludge was observed.
- Details on test conditions:
- Laboratory tap water dechlorinated by passage through activated carbon filter (Purite Series 500) and partly softened (Elga Nimbus 1248D Duplex water softener).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC80
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 3 hour EC20 2.7 mg/L
3 hour EC50 8.0 mg/L; 95% Confidence Limits 6.3-10 mg/L
3 hour EC80 24 mg/L
Variation in respiration rates of controls 1 and 2 after 3 hours contact time was ± 11%.
The validation criteria for the control respiration rates and reference material EC50 values were therefore satisfied.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Nominal Concentration (mg/l) | Initial 02 Reading (mg 02/1) | Measurement Period (minutes) | Final 02 Reading (mg O2/l) |
O2 Consumption Rates (mg O2/l/min) |
% inhibition | |
Control | 0 - R1 | 5.8 | 7 | 2.2 | 0.51 | ‑ |
0- R2 | 3.6 | 3 | 1.7 | 0.63 | ‑ | |
Test Material | 1000 - R1 | 4.8 | 4 | 2.5 | 0.58 | [2] |
1000 - R2 | 5.9 | 6 | 2.3 | 0.6 | [5] | |
1000 - R3 | 5.2 | 5 | 2.2 | 0.6 | [5] | |
3,5-dichlorophenol | 3.2 | 6.7 | 10 | 2.3 | 0.44 | 23 |
10 | 7.9 | 10 | 5.6 | 0.23 | 60 | |
32 | 8.6 | 10 | 7.8 | 0.08 | 86 |
Values in parenthese indicate increase compared to controls
EC, (3 Hours) (mg/I) | 95% Confidence Limits (mg/I) | |
EC20 | >1000 | ‑ |
EC50 | >1000 | ‑ |
EC80 | >1000 | ‑ |
NOEC | 1000 | ‑ |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The validation criteria for the control respiration rates and reference material EC50 values were satisfied.
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms gave a 3-Hour EC50 of greater than 1000 mg/l.
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 1000 mg/l. - Executive summary:
In an Assessment of the inhibitory effect on the respiration of activated sewage sludge study (Harlan project number:
0959/0243) the test material had an EC50 of greater than 1000 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC)
after 3 hours exposure was 1000 mg/l.
The method followed the recommendations of the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 209
"Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test", Method C.11 of EEC Commission Directive 88/302/EEC and US EPA Draft Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.6800.
It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/l.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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