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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 205-249-0 | CAS number: 136-51-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Reliable studies for the toxicity of calcium to algae are lacking. Thus, a weight of evidence approach is applied to assess the potential of calcium for toxicity to algae. “Calcium is known as an essential nutrient for higher plants and one of the basic inorganic elements of algae. Calcium plays crucial roles in strengthening cell walls and plant tissues (OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report “Calcium chloride”, 2002). The static exposure of freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to CaCl2 for 96 h resulted in EC10 and EC50 values for cell density of 291.6 and 561.1 mg Ca/L, respectively, that are above the OECD test limit of 100 mg/L (Simmons, 2012). An unbound EC50 of > 51.22 mg/L calcium was also reported for Chlorella vulgaris by De Jong (1965).
In European stream water, the median background concentration of calcium amounts to 40 mg Ca/L (Salminen et al. 2005). Since calcium is an essential macronutrient for algae and cyanobacteria, all media used for algae tests (e.g. OECD TG 201 medium, US. EPA AAP-medium) require the addition of calcium ranging from 1 to 5 mg Ca/L, moreover calcium contributes to the required water hardness.
As a constituent of calcareous skeletons, calcium is of essential importance for saltwater algae, including diatoms (Sverdrup et al. 1942). The HELCOM Red List Biotope Expert Group (2013, www.helcom.fi) defines the increasing acidification of oceans (due to rising atmospheric CO2 levels) as one of the future threats to marine organisms because it may lead to a degradation of calcium-carbonate skeletons. Thus, the toxicity of calcium to marine algae is expected to be low.
In sum, calcium as an essential element has a very low potential for toxicity to freshwater and saltwater algae.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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