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EC number: 269-923-6 | CAS number: 68391-04-8 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine and SDA Reporting Number: 16-040-00.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
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- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
For DMA category member C12-14-DMA and supporting substances reliable chronic studies assessing sediment toxicity on representatives of two different sediment organism groups (Nematoda, Oligochaeta) are available. The NOEC (28 d; reproduction & body weight) obtained for C20/22 ATQ in the sediment test with Lumbriculus variegatus of 0.160 mmol/kg sed. dw may be regarded as a worst case estimate for sediment toxicity of DMA category members.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
- 62.5 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
Overview of the available Key Freshwater sediment test
Test | Guideline | Endpoint | Value (mmol/kg sediment dw) | Test substance |
Chronic C. elegans | ISO 10872 | NOEC repro (72h) | 7.35 | C12 -14 DMA |
Chronic L. variegatus | OECD 225 | NOEC repro (28d) | 0.160 | C20/22 ATQ |
For the DMA category member C12-14-DMA a reliable (RL 2) key study on Caenorhabditis elegans assessing chronic sediment toxicity is available. The study was performed similar to ISO 10872 (pre-guideline test). Over an exposure period of 72 hours growth (length of worms) and fertility (number of gravid worms, number of eggs per worm) were assessed. A NOEC (72 h; growth & fertility) of 7.35 mmol/kg sed. dw. and a LOEC (72 h; growth & fertility) of 9.21 mmol/kg sed. dw. were determined. Because at the LOEC about 80% size reduction and zero % gravid worms were observed, fertility seems not to be significantly more sensitive than growth. Rather, the severely impaired growth at the LOEC most probably reflects an overall poor constitution of the worms such that failure of pregnancy is rather a secondary effect.
Two further supporting studies are available assessing chronic sediment toxicity on Caenorhabditis elegans:
The first supporting study was performed with the supporting substance tallow alkyl amines (C16-18-(even numbered, C18-unsaturated)-alkylamines) which is very similar to DMA category member C16-18-(even numbered, C18 unsaturated)-DMA. The study was performed similar to ISO 10872 (pre-guideline test; RL 2). Over an exposure period of 72 hours growth (length of worms) and fertility (number of gravid worms, number of eggs per worm) were assessed. An unbounded NOEC (72h, growth rate & reproduction) of 7.96 mmol/kg sed. dw was determined.
The second supporting study – a reliable Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction test performed according to ISO/DIS 10872 (2008) and compliant to GLP (reliability category 1) - was performed with the supporting C20/22 ATQ. C20/22 ATQ may be regarded as worst case for DMA category members due to its longer alkyl chain. A further difference is that it has - in addition to the two methyl substituents at the amino group inherent to all DMA category members - an additional methyl substituent at the amino group, rendering it a quaternary amine being permanently positively charged. Indeed, compared to the afore mentioned results obtained with C12-14-DMA and tallow alkyl amines a considerably lower NOEC (Mortality, Fertility, Reproduction, Growth) and LOEC of 0.641 mmol/kg sed. dw. and 1.282 mmol/kg sed. dw., respectively, was determined for C20/22 ATQ. However, in line with the results obtained with C12-14-DMA at the LOEC no specific reproductive toxicity had been found, rather growth and reproduction were affected at the same time. Thus, compared with DMAs and primary alkyl amines (tallow alkyl amine), C20/22 ATQ can be regarded to be of higher sediment toxicity, possibly due to its stronger adsorptive behaviour caused by the longer alkyl chain (hydrophobic interaction) and the permanently positive charge (ionic interaction).
In this regard, the second key study for sediment toxicity of DMA category members performed with supporting substance C20/22 ATQ may be taken as conservative worst case estimate of DMA sediment toxicity. Lumbriculus variegatus as representative of a second sediment organism group was used as test organism in a reliable reproduction test performed in a water-sediment system according to OECD 225 and compliant to GLP (RL 1). Test duration was 28 days after insertion of the test organisms. The study was performed by spiking the test item into the sediment with five concentrations of 62.5 - 125 - 250 - 500 and 750 mg/kg sediment dry weight. Six replicates per control as well as solvent control and four replicates per test item concentration were set up for the biological investigation. Analytical verification of test item concentrations at 0 d, 14 d and 28 d demonstrated that the nominal range of the test item concentrations was met. The NOEC (28 d) determined for all endpoints assessed was 0.160 mmol/kg sed. dw. (62.5 mg/kg sed. dw). In line with the results from the studies on C. elegans outlined above no specific reproductive toxicity was found: At the LOEC of 0.320 mmol/kg sed. dw. a mean reduction in body mass of 34% and concurrently an inhibition of reproduction by 24% was observed. An EC50 (28 d) for reproduction and biomass of 0.433 and 0.566 mmol/kg sed. dw., respectively, was estimated.
In conclusion, the results of the C. elegans studies performed with C12-14-DMA, tallow alkyl amine (primary fatty alkyl amine, PFA) and C20/22 ATQ strongly suggest a higher sediment toxicity of C20/22 ATQ compared to DMAs and PFAs, probably caused by its stronger adsorptive properties. Thus, the NOEC obtained for C20/22 ATQ in the sediment test with Lumbriculus variegatus of 0.160 mmol/kg sed. dw. may be regarded as a worst case estimate for sediment toxicity of DMA category members. The mass concentration of C20/22 ATQ is used as the key value for hazard and risk assessment, because a) molar concentrations cannot be used for environmental hazard and risk assessment and b) correction for MW would theoretically result in somewhat lower values especially for shorter chain DMAs, but considering the much higher toxicity of C20/22 ATQ compared to C12-14-DMA towards C. elegans by a factor of 11.5 (on a molar scale), this would be overly conservative. Therefore, the value of 62.5 mg/kg sed. dw. will be used as key value for sediment toxicity and derivation of a PNEC for sediment organisms.
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