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EC number: 230-949-8 | CAS number: 7381-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Remarks:
- estimated by calculation
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study reports the output from a Toxic Unit approach calculation for lauric acid, 2-sulfoethyl ester, sodium salt.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Guideline:
- other: REACH guidance on QSARs R.6 May 2008
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The results in Table 5 indicate that the soluble concentrations of C12 chain length contribute only 5.4% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The C14, C16 and C18 chain lengths are estimated to account for 96% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The results of the study ECD080250 should, therefore, be considered to be an overly conservative estimate for the chronic toxicity to Daphnia to sodium lauroyl isethionate.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of a mixture comprising mainly of a distribution of homologues can be predicted from an applicable QSAR, the inclusion level of each homologue and the assumption of concentration addition (given that the homologues all have the same MoA). For a defined class of surfactanttoxicity normally increases logarithmically with increase in chain length of the hydrophobic tail [16]. The measured toxicity of a commercial surfactant, therefore, may be driven predominately by a limited number of the more hydrophobic homologues i.e. those that have toxicity orders of magnitude greater than the shorter chain length homologues.
The results in Table 5 indicate that the soluble concentrations of C12 chain length contribute only 5.4% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The C14, C16 and C18 chain lengths are estimated to account for 96% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The results of the study ECD080250 should, therefore, be considered to be an overly conservative estimate for the chronic toxicity to Daphnia to sodium lauroyl isethionate.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 July 2008 – 14 October 2009
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study has been conducted according to OECD Guideline 211. No claim for GLP compliance is made for this study. However, the study was carried out in the spirit of GLP. Read-across is based upon a commonality of functional groups, constituents, breakdown products and metabolic pathways. A detailed justification is appended in Section 13.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- conducted according to the principles of GLP
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Nominal: 0, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600 (ug/L); Measured total: <0.5, 103, 192, 289, 752, 1307 ug/L
- Sampling method: Test item concentrations were determined by LC/MS
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no data - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A 200 mg/L stock solution was prepared daily by adding 50 mg of S2849001 in 250 mL of purified water. The resulting dispersion was heated to approx 40 - 50 oC with stirring until completely dissolved.
- Eluate: no data
- Differential loading: no data
- Controls: yes
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable (water)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): none - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: daphnia magna
- Strain/clone: not stated
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: not applicable (prescribed by guideline)
- Source: In-house cultures
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): no data
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: chlorella vulgaris & microfeast PZ20 supplement
- Amount: chlorella vulgaris: 3.4 x 10^5 cells/mL/day; microfeast: 1.4mL of a 1g/L solution per day
- Frequency: Daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no
QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- not applicable
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: not applicable - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- average of 224mg/L as CaCO3
SD 9.5
(highest concentration and controls measured at various time points; n=39) - Test temperature:
- average of 19.6 degrees C
SD 0.31
(measured in 6 vessels daily) - pH:
- average 8.42
SD 0.44
(measured in all concentrations on 11 different days) - Dissolved oxygen:
- average 9.34 mg/L
SD 0.94
(measured in all concetrations on 11 different days) - Salinity:
- not measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- see tables 1 & 2 below
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 120mL glass bottle
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: ~100mL
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): semi-static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1/vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M7 Media
Made up following OECD Guideline 211; no other measurements taken
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every 2-3 days
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light/8 hours dark
- Light intensity: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : time to first brood, size of first brood, number of offspring per surviving adult, mortality
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: not applicable
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: no data
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: used to determine test concentrations & analytical method - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 154 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: no data
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: no data
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: no data
- Body length and weight of parent animals: no data
- Type and number of morphological abnormalities: no data
- Type and number of behavioural abnormalities: no data
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: 8.7 days (controls), 9.4 (560ug/L), 9.4 (1000ug/L), 9.6 (1800ug/L), 9.8 (3200ug/L), 11 (5600ug/L)
- Egg development time: no data
- Brood size: First brood only: 9.1 (control); 11.5 (560ug/L), 10.5 (1000ug/L), 10.2 (1800ug/L); 10.9 (3200ug/L); 9.2 (5600ug/L)
- Time to sexual maturity: no data
- Type and magnitude of biochemical changes: no data
- Other biological observations: no data
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: not applicable - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The data were analysed using an analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test to obtain the 21 day NOEC for mean juvenile production, time to release of first brood and size of first brood.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The lowest value determined for an adverse effect was time to first brood. The 21 day NOEC for this endpoint based on dissolved concentrations was 154 μg/L (192 μg/L total concentration)
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SLI (76) stripped on survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna.
SLI (76), provided by Unilever Mannheim was stripped of its fatty acid content via Soxhlet extraction at the Materials Science Laboratory, Trumbull, USA. The resulting material, SLI (76) stripped was used for this study.
Daphnia were exposed to a range of concentrations, nominally 0.0, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200 and 5600 μg/L. Test item analysis was performed to determine total and dissolved concentrations. The dilution medium used was Elendt M7 artificial medium. A 3.4 x 105 cells/mL aliquot of Chlorella vulgaris and 1.4 mL of a 1 g/L Microfeast PZ20 supplement was added to the test media containing the appropriate concentration of SLI(76) stripped. The stock solution and test media were renewed daily.
The data were analysed using an analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test to obtain the
21 day NOEC for mean juvenile production, time to release of first brood and size of first
brood.
The lowest value determined for an adverse effect was time to first brood. The 21 day NOEC for this endpoint based on dissolved concentrations was 154 μg/L (192 μg/L total concentration).
There was no statistically significant effect at any concentration on size of first brood therefore the NOEC for this endpoint based on dissolved concentrations can be quoted as >717 μg/L (>1307 μg/L total concentration)
A statistically significant stimulatory effect was observed at all concentrations based on number of neonates per surviving adult. The number of neonates rose steadily up to a dissolved concentration of 260 ug/L (289 μg/L total concentration) after which it then began
to decline. The NOEC for this endpoint cannot therefore be determined with any confidence. The 21 day NOEC for adult mortality is 260 μg/L based on mean measured dissolved concentrations (289 μg/L as total concentration).
Referenceopen allclose all
The results in Table 5 indicate that the soluble concentrations of C12 chain length contribute only 5.4% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The C14, C16 and C18 chain lengths are estimated to account for 94% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The results of the study ECD080250 should, therefore, be considered to be an overly conservative estimate for the chronic toxicity to Daphnia to sodium lauroyl isethionate.
Table 5. Calculation of Toxic Unit contribution for sodium lauryl isethionateinDaphniachronic study ECD080250
Chainlength |
MW |
Concentration at NOEC[1](mg/L) |
Concentration at NOEC (mol/L) |
Log Kow[2] |
Log predicted toxicity (mol/L) |
Predicted toxicity (mol/L) |
TU[3] |
Contribution to toxicity of mixture (%)[4] |
TU as a relative contribution to total TU of mixture from each chain length[5] |
Predicted NOEC (mol/l)[6] |
Predicted NOEC (mg/l) |
8 |
251 |
0.010164 |
4.05E-08 |
-1.56 |
-1.916 |
0.01212 |
0.0000033 |
0.068 |
0.00068 |
5.9E-5 |
15 |
10 |
279 |
0.014322 |
5.13E-08 |
-0.48 |
-2.521 |
0.00301 |
0.0000170 |
0.348 |
0.0035 |
1.5E-5 |
4.1 |
12 |
307 |
0.060522 |
1.97E-07 |
0.6 |
-3.126 |
0.00075 |
0.00026 |
5.4 |
0.054 |
3.7E-6 |
1.1 |
14 |
335 |
0.02079 |
6.21E-08 |
1.68 |
-3.731 |
0.00019 |
0.00033 |
6.8 |
0.068 |
9.1E-7 |
0.30 |
16 |
363 |
0.02387 |
6.58E-08 |
2.76 |
-4.336 |
0.00005 |
0.0014 |
29 |
0.29 |
2.3E-7 |
0.08 |
18 |
391 |
0.012782 |
3.27E-08 |
3.84 |
-4.940 |
0.00001 |
0.0028 |
58 |
0.58 |
5.6E-8 |
0.022 |
[1]Concentration at NOEC (mg/L)–dissolved concentration of each chain length at the exposure concentration determined to be the NOEC i.e. % average chain length expected to be in solution x % dissolved chainlength (based on values from ECD080250) x 0.154 mg/L (% dissolved from study ECD090250: C8 = 6.6%, C10= 9.3%, C12= 39.3%, C14= 13.5%, C16= 15.5%, C18=8.3 %)
[2]Log Kow– C8 based on measured value, subsequent chain lengths calculated by the addition of 0.54 per additional CH2unit which equates to the fragment value (inc bond contribution)[11].
[3]TU – toxic unit contribution of each chain length i.e. Concentration at NOEC (mol/L)/predicted toxicity (mol/L)
[4]Calculated as a relative TU of each chainlength/ total TU
[5]Total TU = 1 for all chainlengths at NOEC of the mixture since all act by same MoA
[6]Calculated by rearranging Equation 1 to give: NOECi= Ci/TUi(e.g. Predicted NOEC(mol/L) for C12 = 1.97E-7/0.054 = 3.7E-6)
Table 3: Summary of Effect Data
Nominal concentration (µg/L |
Mean Measured Concentration (µg/L) |
Mean Number of Neonates at Day 21# |
Percentage Adult Mortality at Day 21 |
Mean size of first brood |
Mean time to release of 1st brood (days) |
|
Total |
Dissolved |
|||||
0 |
<5.0 |
<5.0 |
70 |
0 |
9.1 |
8.7 |
560 |
102 |
77.7 |
99.6* |
0 |
11.5 |
9.4 |
1000 |
192 |
154 |
104.9* |
0 |
10.5 |
9.4 |
1800 |
289 |
260 |
121.3* |
0 |
10.2 |
9.6* |
3200 |
752 |
457 |
112.3* |
10 |
10.9 |
9.8* |
5600 |
1307 |
717 |
102.1* |
30 |
9.2 |
11* |
# including dead neonates
* Significantly different to the control (P<0.05)
Description of key information
A 21 day NOEC for daphnia was calculated for the target substanceusing a polar narcosis QSAR and Toxic unit approach methodology from the results obtained in a study using C12-18 and C18-unsatd., 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts (CAS no 85408-62-4)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1.1 mg/L
Additional information
There is nochronic invertebrate toxicity studyavailable for lauric acid 2-sulfoethyl ester, sodium salt (sodium lauroyl isethionate) CAS No 7381-01-3. There is however a study on the source chemicalFatty acids, C12-18 and C18-unsatd., 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts CAS No 85408-62-4, which isKlimisch rated 2and was carried out according to theOECD guideline 211 under GLP,as described in Roberts, 2010.
The results from the Roberts study were used as the starting point for calculating the NOEC for for lauric acid 2-sulfoethyl ester, sodium salt using a Toxic Unit approach.
The toxicity of a mixture comprising mainly of a distribution of homologues can be predicted from an applicable QSAR, the inclusion level of each homologue and the assumption of concentration addition (given that the homologues all have the same MoA). For a defined class of surfactant toxicity normally increases logarithmically with increase in chain length of the hydrophobic tail [16]. The measured toxicity of a commercial surfactant, therefore, may be driven predominately by a limited number of the more hydrophobic homologues i.e. those that have toxicity orders of magnitude greater than the shorter chain length homologues.
The results indicate that the soluble concentrations of C12 chain length contribute only 5.4% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The C14, C16 and C18 chain lengths are estimated to account for 93% of the observed toxicity of the mixture. The results of the study ECD080250 should, therefore, be considered to be an overly conservative estimate for the chronic toxicity to Daphnia to sodium lauroyl isethionate.
.
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