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EC number: 233-116-7 | CAS number: 10038-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Monitoring data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- monitoring data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Nov-Dec 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO guidelines: ISO 5667-3: 2003 Water quality – Sampling – Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- other: ambient concentrations
- Media:
- surface water
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Germanium
- EC Number:
- 231-164-3
- EC Name:
- Germanium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-56-4
- Molecular formula:
- Ge
- IUPAC Name:
- germanium(4+)
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- the study monitored Ge-levels in the environment. No test material used.
Study design
- Details on sampling:
- For practical and financial reasons it was not feasible to conduct a monitoring survey that covers the aquatic environment fro the whole of Europe. It was therefore decided to develop a sampling strategy for one major river basin in Europe (Rhine) that is known to be impacted by industrial activities that take place within its catchments area. Data that are collected for this river basin are considered to represent a worst-case situation. As there are no known diffuse emission sources of germanium in the environment, it is therefore expected that germanium-levels in more pristine surfare waters or in waterbodies with low industrial impacts will be lower compared to the river (and tributaries) that were sampled in this monitoring survey. Known point sources in the proximity of the sampling point should be avoided, as they may bias the overall evaluation of the water body under examination. For security reasons, sampling took place from a bridge or quay, but a small boat was available where needed. Overall, the sampling was performed with at least two persons in a legal way (permissions, if needed).
Selection of sampling sites was based - where possible - on available physicochemical data: Sampling locations, should represent the natural variation of water parameters that are observed in relevant environmental conditions: variation in pH, hardness, organic carbon concentrations, but also the land use from which the suspended solids originates.
Results and discussion
Concentrationopen allclose all
- Key result
- Country:
- Germany
- Location:
- Rhine and tributaries Lippe Nahe and Lahn
- Substance or metabolite:
- substance
- Conc.:
- 0.021 µg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 50P based on 19 datapoints
- Remarks:
- Total (unfiltered) concentration; DL: 0.02µg/l
- Key result
- Country:
- Germany
- Location:
- Rhine and tributaries Lippe Nahe and Lahn
- Substance or metabolite:
- substance
- Conc.:
- 0.049 µg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 90P based on 19 datapoints
- Remarks:
- total (unfiltered) concentration ; DL: 0.02µg/l
- Details on results:
- All filtered samples (0.2µm) were below the detection limit of 0.1µg/l.
For the recoverable waters, 19 samples were analysed from which 7 (or 36 %) were below the detection limit (0.02µg/l). The 90th percentile was put forward in the calculation of the RWC-ambient PEC. The value of 0.049 µg/L is considered to be a reliable estimate for the RWC-ambient PEC for total Germanium in the Rhine. The median PEC level for total germanium is 0.021 µg/L.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Germanium concentrations in the Rhine and 3 tributaries (freshwater-filtered; unfiltered; sediment
River – sampling point nr |
Ge-filtered (µg/l) in water |
Ge-untreated (µg/l) in water |
Ge in sediment (mg/kgDW |
||||
Rhine -1 |
<0.1 | 0.04 |
0.2 | ||||
Lippe -2 |
<0.1 | 0.04 |
0.2 | ||||
Lippe -3 |
<0.1 |
0.06 |
0.2 |
||||
Lippe -4 |
<0.1 |
0.05 |
0.2 |
||||
Rhine -5 |
<0.1 |
0.03 |
0.2 |
||||
Rhine -6 |
<0.1 |
0.02 |
0.4 |
||||
Rhine -7 |
<0.1 |
0.02 |
0.3 |
||||
Rhine -8 |
<0.1 |
0.07 |
0.4 |
||||
Lahn -9 |
<0.1 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
||||
Lahn -10 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
0.4 |
||||
Lahn -11 |
<0.1 |
0.02 |
0.2 |
||||
Rhine -12 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
/ |
||||
Nahe -13 |
<0.1 |
0.03 |
0.4 |
||||
Nahe -14 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
0.2 |
||||
Nahe -15 |
<0.1 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
||||
Rhine -16 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
0.4 |
||||
Rhine -17 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
/ |
||||
Rhine -18 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
0.3 |
||||
Rhine -19 |
<0.1 |
0.01 |
/ |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- study carried out according to scientific standards and aimed at providing Ge-regional levels in a worst case (industrialised) regional water. study therefore considered to be representative for regional Germanium levels in EU freshwaters.
- Executive summary:
The 50P and 90P levels of Germanium in the Rhine were measured as 0.021µg/l and 0.049 µg Ge/l respectively (total concentration). Combined with the data on sediment (Vercaigne and Heijerick 2012), a partition coefficient sediment - water of >9796 L/kg and >13810 L/Kg , after using 90P or 50P values respectively, could be calculated
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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