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EC number: 200-493-4 | CAS number: 60-93-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comprehension of case reports.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Quinine dermatitis: Investigation of a factory outbreak.
- Author:
- Hardie, R. A., Savin, J. A., White, D. A. and Pumford, S.
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Contact Dermatitis 4(3):121-4
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- skin
- Study type:
- case report
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Case report, investigations on an outbrek of reaction to quinine among workers of a quinine production site. Patch testing was performed for 12 of the 15 patients with suspected quinine or quinidine-induced dermatitis. The patch test were performed using quinine dihydrochloride aqueous solution.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Quinine dihydrochloride
- EC Number:
- 200-493-4
- EC Name:
- Quinine dihydrochloride
- Cas Number:
- 60-93-5
- Molecular formula:
- C20H24N2O2.2ClH
- IUPAC Name:
- 6'-methoxycinchonan-9-ol dihydrochloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): quinine dihydrochloride
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 15
- other: wokplace exposure to quinine and quinidine - Clinical history:
- Clinical history of the severely effected patient (see results).
- Symptoms, onset and progress of the disease: severe eruption on the face, fierce photosensitive eczema on the face and back of hands
- Exposure history: Patient was employed as works chemist and exposed both to quinine products and to bromine used in the ephedrine process. About 3 weeks after investigation a bromine leakage, with possible skin contact, he noticed a serve eruption on the face. His skin cleared while on holiday but relapsed on return to work. - Route of administration:
- dermal
- Details on study design:
- 15 of 23 workers suggested that the skin eruption had been work-related. Quinine was held to be responsible by 13 workers, quinidine by one, and both quinine and quinidine by one. A patch-test was performed with these 15 patients..
ADMINISTRATION
- Test material: quinine dihydrochloride
- Concentrations: 1 %, 0.1 % and 0.01 % aqueous quinine dihydrochloride
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- For one patient patch tests with quinine dihydrochloride in aqueous solution were initially positive at 1 %, 0.1 % and 0.01 %, but on retesting recently have now become negative. Photo patch test were positive at 1% and 0.1 % quinine dihydrochloride.
Case:
- Sex: male
- Age: 48
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the one case the patch test was positive for 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% quinine dihydrochloride. Thus, quinine dihydrochloride can be considered a contact sensitizer.
- Executive summary:
In this case report 15 of 23 workers suggested that the skin eruption had been work-related. In a patch-test 12 of these 15 patients suspected to be sensitized to quinine or quinidine only one positive patch test were obtained for quinine dihydrochloride. In the case the patch test was strongly positive for 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% quinine dihydrochloride. Photo patch test were positive at 1% and 0.1 % quinine dihydrochloride. Thus, quinine dihydrochloride can be considered a contact sensitizer.
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