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EC number: 208-953-6 | CAS number: 548-62-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 1977
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Five Histidine requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium were used in the mutagen assay. Strains TA 1535 and TA 100 are used to detect base pair substitution mutations, whereas strains TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 98 are used to detect frameshift mutations
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Five Histidine requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium were used in the mutagen assay. Strains TA 1535 and TA 100 are used to detect base pair substitution mutations, whereas strains TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 98 are used to detect frameshift mutations (ames, MacCamm and Yamasaki, mutation research 31(1975) 347-364).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- [4-[4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium chloride
- EC Number:
- 208-953-6
- EC Name:
- [4-[4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 548-62-9
- Molecular formula:
- C25H30ClN3
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium chloride
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name (IUPAC): 4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium chloride
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Gentian Violet
- Molecular formula: C25H30ClN3
- Molecular weight: 407.986 g/mol
- Smiles notation): CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C2C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N(C)C.[Cl-]
- InChl : InChI=1S/C25H30N3.ClH/c1-26(2)22-13-7-19(8-14-22)25(20-9-15-23(16-10-20)27(3)4)21-11-17-24(18-12-21)28(5)6;/h7-18H,1-6H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- The metabolic activation system involved the addition of 0.5ml of S-9 mixture to the chemical top agar solution.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- EtOH = Solvent control
11,295 = Spent Crystal Violet Isomers and Tars
2AA = 2-Aminoanthracene (positive control)
100% EtOH
11,295 µg/plate
-S.9*
2 “
4 “
8 “
10 “
2AA 5 “
10 “
10 “
100 “
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- EtOH
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- other: S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 1538 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: Five Histidine requiring strains
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table I
MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF SPENT CRYSTAL VIOLET ISOMERS ANDS TARS IN
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUMSTRAINS TA 1535, TA 1538, TA 98 AND TA 100 WITH METABOLIC ACTIVATION
Histidine Revertants Per Plate ** |
||||
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
17 |
5 |
17 |
26 |
125 |
8 |
7 |
19 |
15 |
96 |
14 |
4 |
17 |
22 |
125 |
19 |
4 |
17 |
25 |
123 |
18 |
5 |
51 |
74 |
153 |
17 |
5 |
79 |
81 |
193 |
17 |
11 |
94 |
96 |
185 |
16 |
11 |
111 |
129 |
186 |
|
|
|
|
2528 |
361 |
|
1541 |
1591 |
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
Table II
MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF SPENT CRYSTAL VIOLET ISOMERS ANDS TARS IN
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUMSTRAINS TA 1535, TA 1538, TA 98 AND TA 100 WITHOUT METABOLIC ACTIVATION
Histidine Revertants Per Plate ** |
||||
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
14 |
7 |
19 |
22 |
138 |
11 |
8 |
19 |
18 |
125 |
15 |
13 |
14 |
20 |
130 |
12 |
13 |
22 |
28 |
128 |
22 |
7 |
19 |
20 |
141 |
10 |
12 |
22 |
20 |
114 |
14 |
10 |
19 |
19 |
114 |
1388 |
11 |
111 |
129 |
1247 |
|
|
1219 |
1478 |
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
TABLE III
MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF SPENT CRYSTAL VIOLET ISOMERS AND TARS INSALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUMSTRAINS TA 1538 AND TA 98 WITH METABOLIC ACTIVATION
TRIAL II
|
||||
Compound added |
|
Histidine + Revertants Per Plate** |
||
|
TA 1538 |
TA98 |
||
100%E+OH 11,295 -S.9*
2AA |
|
|
17 |
28 |
μg/plate |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
21 |
12 |
|
2 |
|
31 |
33 |
|
4 |
|
61 |
70 |
|
6 |
|
110 |
108 |
|
8 |
|
139 |
124 |
|
10 |
|
197 |
222 |
|
12 |
|
221 |
226 |
|
10 |
|
1998 |
1556 |
|
= Solvent control 11,295 = Spent Crystal Violet Isomers and Tars 2AA = 2- Aminoanthracene (positive control) * = Control plate without S.9 activators ** = Average number of revertants from 2 plates |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Summary:
Spent Crystal violet isomers and tars were tested in Salmnella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 in concentration up to 12g/Petri plate. The compound was mutagenic in the activated microbial assay in strains TA1538 and TA98. In strains TA 1538 this activity represents a 9-fold increase over the spontaneous mutation frequency or 16 revertants per microgram of compound tested. - Executive summary:
Spent Crystal violet isomers and tars were tested inSalmnella typhimuriumstrains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 in concentration up to 12mg/Petri plate. The compound was mutagenic in the activated microbial assay in strains TA1538 and TA98. In strains TA 1538 this activity represents a 9-fold increase over the spontaneous mutation frequency or 16 revertants per microgram of compound tested. All calculations are based on the average of the two trials.
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