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EC number: 204-527-9 | CAS number: 122-19-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From June 10, 1996 to June 21, 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- KL2 due to RA
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the section 13 of IUCLID dataset for details on the read across justification. The algae study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- analysis in test vessels was not conducted due to loss of substance causing the concentration to fall below detection limit. This does mean the actual exposure concentration changed with time due to adhesion of the substance to algae.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- A test substance stock suspension was prepared by weighing out the test substance using a analytical balance [AE 163, Mettler-Toledo AC, Greifensee, Switzerland Standard Operation Procedure K4 (4.13). For the definitive test 0.1009g test substance was mixed in a limited amount of mineral salts medium and mixed for 5 min. The pH was adjusted to pH=7.3 using 1 M sodium hydroxide. Finally, the solution was filled up to 100 mL in a volumetric flask with mineral salts medium.
For the definitive test an amount of culture medium was prepared by diluting the stock mineral salts in a 3-L vessel. This medium was sterilized by filter sterilization (0.2 pm). The inoculum was added from an exponentially growing culture. Various amounts of of the stock solution of the test substance were added to the test vessels (100 mL Erlenmeyers) in order to obtain the following nominal concentrations (triplicate): 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.136 and 0.407 mg/L. The test vessels were filled with inoculated medium upto a total volume of 40 mL using a sterilized dispenser. In addition, six replicate of the control were included. The extinction in each Erlenmeyer was measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Algal medium was used as a blank in the spectrophotometer. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Preparation of the inoculum:
The initial stock culture was inoculated with Selenastrum capricornutum from a sloped agar tube and checked for purity by microscopic means.
This algal stock culture (40 mL) of Senostrum capricornutum was regularly transferred to fresh mineral medium to act as inoculum for the test.
The extinction of an exponentially growing stock culture was measured. The cell density was determined using the calibration curve described above From this algal culture a dilution was prepared to obtain an initial cell denslty of 10,000 cells/mL in the medium of the definitive test.
The quality of the algae was checked by performing a growth inhibition test with a reference compound (potassium dichromate) simultaneously with the definitive test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Five random samples were microscopically examined for bacterial contamination after the test. No contamination was observed.
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 to 23.0°C
- pH:
- 8.5 to 10.0
- Salinity:
- The deionized water used to make algae medium had a conductivity of less than 5 P S.cm and a TOC content of less than 2 mg/L. This water was produced from tap water in a water purification system (Spectrum-Elgastat, Breukelen, The Netherlands). For full media composition, refer to the report.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.136 and 0.407 mg/L (nominal)
A 1.0 mg/L-concentration was measured before and after test to determine stability over test period (no algae). - Details on test conditions:
- The culturing apparatus was a temperaturecontrolled illuminated orbital incubator (Gallenkamp INR 401, Breda, The Netherlands). Standard Operation Procedure K 1 1 (4.8) in which the temperature was maintained at ca. 25°C and a continuous uniform illumination was provided in the spectral range of 400 to 700 nm by using 30 W fluorescent lamps of the type ‘universal white’ (colour temperature of approximately 4000 K), at a distance of 0.35 m from the algal cultures. The culture flasks were rotated continuously at 100 rev/min to prevent sedimentation of the algae.
The test was performed in 100 mL Erlenmeyers containing 40 mL of mineral salts medium. The test flasks were closed with cotton-wool stoppers. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.01 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.02 - 0.03; 95% confidence limits
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.03 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.06 - 0.07; 95% confidence limits
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.003 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.011 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.002 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in control: Yes
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The definitive test is valid as shown by the EbC50 and Erc50 values of the reference compound, potassium dichromate (0.95 and 1.8 mg/L, respectively), the increase of the extinction of the control over 72 h by a factor of 64 and by a maximum deviation of the pH of 1.5 unit.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All computations were performed using the Akzo programme ‘Algal’ (version 3.3) made in SAS (4.7).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the EbC50, and ErC50 (0-96h) of the test substance were 0.02 mg/L (i.e., approximately equivalent to 0.01 mg a.i./L) and 0.06 mg/L (i.e., approximately equivalent to 0.03 mg a.i./L), respectively. The LOEC determined from the results for the test substance was 0.0025 mg a.i./L and the NOEC derived from the results for test substance was <0.0025 mg a.i./L (nominal).
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae of the read across substance, C12-16 ADBAC (active: 50.2%), according to OECD Guideline 201, in compliance with GLP. Selenastrum capricornutum were exposed for 96 h to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.136 and 0.407 mg/L of test substance. Analytical dose verification was performed. Chemical analysis of duplicate samples taken at the beginning (96% recovery) and at the end (98% recovery) of the test indicated that the exposure concentrations were substantially achieved. Growth rate and biomass were recorded throughout the experiment. Under the study conditions, the EbC50 and ErC50 (0-96 h) were 0.02 mg/L (equivalent to 0.01 mg a.i./L) and 0.06 mg/L (equivalent to 0.03 mg a.i./L), respectively. The ErC10, EbC10, LOAEC and NOEC values were determined at 0.0114 mg a.i./L, 0.002 mg a.i./L, 0.0025 mg a.i./L and < 0.0025 mg a.i./L (nominal) respectively (Kroon, 1996). Based on the results of the read across study, similar the 96 h EbC50, ErC50 and NOEC values can also be considered for the test substance, C18 ADBAC, for toxicity to aquatic algae.
Reference
Table 1. Summary of results absorbance
Nominal concentration mg/L (mean) | 0h | 96h |
Control | 0.006 | 1.031 |
0.005 | 0.006 | 0.971 |
0.015 | 0.006 | 0.631 |
0.045 | 0.007 | 0.308 |
0.136 | 0.007 | 0.020 |
0.407 | 0.006 | 0.009 |
Description of key information
Based on the results of the read across study, the 96 h EbC50, ErC50, EbC10 and ErC10 values of the test substance, C18 ADBAC, for toxicity to aquatic algae is considered to be 0.01 mg a.i./L, 0.03 mg a.i./L, 0.002 mg a.i./L and 0.0114 mg a.i./L (nominal) respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.03 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.011 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae of the read across substance, C12-16 ADBAC (active: 50.2%), according to OECD Guideline 201, in compliance with GLP. Selenastrum capricornutum were exposed for 96 h to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.136 and 0.407 mg/L of test substance. Analytical dose verification was performed. Chemical analysis of duplicate samples taken at the beginning (96% recovery) and at the end (98% recovery) of the test indicated that the exposure concentrations were substantially achieved. Growth rate and biomass were recorded throughout the experiment. Under the study conditions, the EbC50 and ErC50 (0-96 h) were 0.02 mg/L (equivalent to 0.01 mg a.i./L) and 0.06 mg/L (equivalent to 0.03 mg a.i./L), respectively.The ErC10, EbC10, LOAEC and NOEC values were determined at 0.0114 mg a.i./L, 0.002 mg a.i./L, 0.0025 mg a.i./L and < 0.0025 mg a.i./L (nominal) respectively (Kroon, 1996). Based on the results of the read across study, similar the 96 h EbC50, ErC50 and NOEC values can also be considered for the test substance, C18 ADBAC, for toxicity to aquatic algae.
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