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EC number: 939-559-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 Oct 2013 – 21 Feb 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Würtemberg, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical samples were taken from all test item concentrations and from the control after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The test item concentrations 4.88, 15.6 and 50.0 mg/L were analysed at 0 and 72 hours to verify the actual test concentrations using a validated analytical method
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution (S1) was prepared by directly weighing 500 mg (S1) of the test item into 1000 mL test medium. The further concentrations V1 – V6 were made by diluting the appropriate solutions to give the required test concentrations. All test item solutions were clear and transparent.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): MBM Sciencebridge GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Drebs-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Method of cultivation: The algae were grown semi-continuously under sterile cultures in the laboratory. Old medium was periodically replaced by fresh mineral solution in order to keep the algae in an exponential growth state. Stock cultures were ordered regularly from the culture collection. Culture conditions were as follows: Illumination: continuously from the top by light tubes, 60 - 120 µEm-2s-1 at cell culture level; Temperature: 21 – 24 °C; Culture flasks: 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks; Visually healthy cells were used for the test; CO2 supply by shaking on a rotating shaker, 105 rpm.
Cells from this semi-continuous liquid stock culture were used for the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 20.3 – 24.0 °C
- pH:
- 7.09 – 7.68
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 0.149, 0.476, 1.53, 4.88, 15.6 and 50.0 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed; aluminium caps and two baffles
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 150 - 200 mL
- Initial cells density: 0.5 × 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 46.23 x 10^4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, AAP medium according to OECD 201
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The temperature was recorded after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH-values of the test solutions were measured after 0 and 72 hours and the light intensity at test start (0 hours).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes, to 7.5 ± 0.1
- Photoperiod: continuously from the top
- Light intensity and quality: 68 - 107 µEm-2s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): After 1, 2 and 3 days, the cell growth was determined. Additionally, the morphological appearance of the algae cells was observed microscopically at the end of the test.
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorescence detection
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2x
- Range finding study:
Test concentrations: control, 0.100, 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg/L
Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: see "any other information on results incl. tabes" below - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 18.3 – 51.2
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 13.5 – 37.9
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 0.796 – 1.46
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.813 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 0.588 – 1.08
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.476 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.352 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- Statistically significant inhibitory effects were observed after 72 hours from the nominal concentration 1.53 mg/L (nominal) (equivalent to 1.13 mg/L actual) and above.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The statistical evaluation for 72 hours was performed for growth rate and yield using SAS® (2002–2010). A test for normality of the data was performed by calculating the Shapiro-Wilk’s statistic and the homogeneity of variance of the data was performed by calculating the Levene Test. The NOEC and LOEC were determined by using the Dunnett`s t-test for growth rate and Jonckheere-Terpstra test for yield, left sided. The ErC50 and EyC50 values were evaluated using the probit analysis following Gompertz distribution (growth rate) and logistic distribution (yield).
Reference
Analytics:
The measured concentrations of niobium in the test item solutions of 4.88, 15.6 and 50.0 mg/L were between 45 - 113% of nominal concentration. Since some of the measured concentrations were below 80% the biological endpoints were evaluated using the nominal and actual measured concentrations based on the arithmetic mean of the geometric mean of each test item concentration.
Table: Concentrations of niobium in the test medium
Test item |
Niobium |
Sampling [h] |
Niobium |
|||
nominal conc. [mg/L] |
nominal conc. [mg/L] |
[mg/L] |
% of nominal |
Geometric mean [%] |
Test item conc. actual [mg/L]* |
|
0 (Control) |
0 |
0 |
n.d. |
- |
- |
- |
72 |
n.d. |
- |
||||
4.88 |
0.839 |
0 |
0.549 |
65 |
68 |
3.61 |
72 |
0.607 |
72 |
||||
15.6 |
2.68 |
0 |
3.04 |
113 |
71 |
11.5 |
72 |
1.20 |
45 |
||||
50.0 |
8.60 |
0 |
8.16 |
95 |
82 |
37.0 |
72 |
6.06 |
70 |
||||
Analytical mean: |
|
74 |
|
Limit of quantification (LOQ) = 2.33 mg/L test item, corresponds to 0.400 mg Nb/L
*Based on the arithmetic mean of the geometric mean of each test item concentration
Table: Results of the range-finding test:
Test item conc. [mg/L] |
Average cell numbers/mL* |
|||
0d |
1d |
2d |
3d |
|
0 (Control) |
0.5 |
2.11 |
8.85 |
34.03 |
0.100 |
0.5 |
2.19 |
8.46 |
29.82 |
1.00 |
0.5 |
1.71 |
5.11 |
14.87 |
10.0 |
0.5 |
1.61 |
3.26 |
6.68 |
100 |
0.5 |
0.86 |
0.90 |
0.94 |
* Algae counts are divided by 10000. At the start, the cell density was adjusted to 0.5 x 10^4 cells/mL
Table: Main test - Average cell number for each sampling time and concentration:
Test item conc. nominal [mg/L] |
Test item conc. actual [mg/L] |
Average cell numbers/mL* |
|||
0d |
1d |
2d |
3d |
||
0 (Control) |
0 |
0.5 |
2.86 |
12.51 |
46.23 |
0.149 |
0.110 |
0.5 |
2.47 |
12.12 |
43.84 |
0.476 |
0.352 |
0.5 |
2.56 |
13.65 |
49.79 |
1.53 |
1.13 |
0.5 |
1.92 |
5.56 |
13.56 |
4.88 |
3.61 |
0.5 |
1.88 |
4.34 |
9.17 |
15.6 |
11.5 |
0.5 |
1.77 |
2.72 |
4.30 |
50.0 |
37.0 |
0.5 |
1.88 |
3.16 |
5.56 |
* Algae counts are divided by 10000. At the start, the cell density was adjusted to 0.5 x 10^4 cells/mL
Table: Main test - Percentage inhibition of growth rate
Test item conc. nominal [mg/L] |
Test item conc. actual [mg/L] |
Inhibition of growth rate [%] |
||
0d - 1d |
0d - 2d |
0d - 3d |
||
0 (Control) |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.149 |
0.110 |
8.4 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
0.476 |
0.352 |
6.3 |
-3.1 |
-2.2 |
1.53 |
1.13 |
22.9 |
24.7 |
26.6* |
4.88 |
3.61 |
24.2 |
32.8 |
35.8* |
15.6 |
11.5 |
27.6 |
47.1 |
52.1* |
50.0 |
37.0 |
24.1 |
42.3 |
46.4* |
* statistically significant compared to the control
Table: Main test - Percentage inhibition of yield
Test item conc. nominal [mg/L] |
Test item conc. actual [mg/L] |
Inhibition of yield [%] |
||
0d - 1d |
0d - 2d |
0d - 3d |
||
0 (Control) |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.149 |
0.110 |
16.5 |
3.2 |
5.2 |
0.476 |
0.352 |
12.7 |
-9.5 |
-7.8 |
1.53 |
1.13 |
39.8 |
57.9 |
71.4 |
4.88 |
3.61 |
41.5 |
68.0 |
81.0* |
15.6 |
11.5 |
46.2 |
81.5 |
91.7* |
50.0 |
37.0 |
41.5 |
77.9 |
88.9* |
* statistically significant compared to the control
Description of key information
EC50 (growth rate) (72h) = 28.5 mg/L with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (nominal, OECD 201)
EC50 (growth rate) (72h) = 21.1 mg/L with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (measured, geometric mean, OECD 201)
NOEC (growth rate) (72h) = 0.476 mg/L with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (nominal, OECD 201)
NOEC (growth rate) (72h) = 0.352 mg/L with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (measured, geometric mean, OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One study investigating the acute toxicity of Reaction mass of ammonium diaqua[bis(oxalate)]oxoniobate(1-) hydrate and ammonium hydrogen oxalate oxalic acid (1:1:1) dihydrate to algae is available. The study was conducted with six concentrations of the test item in the range from 0.149 to 50 mg/L. The test was performed in a static design according to OECD 201 (CBMM Europe BV, Key, 2014, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Statistically significant inhibitory effects were observed after 72 hours from the nominal concentration 1.53 mg/L (equivalent to 1.13 mg/L actual) and above. Recovery rates were in part low: The measured concentrations of niobium in the test item solutions of 4.88, 15.6 and 50.0 mg/L were between 45 - 113% of nominal concentration. Since some of the measured concentrations were below 80% the biological endpoints were evaluated using the nominal and actual measured concentrations based on the arithmetic mean of the geometric mean of each test item concentration. Thus, the EC50 for growth rate was determined to be 28.5 mg/L and 1.1 mg/L for yield based on nominal concentrations. Based on geometric mean measured concentrations the EC50s were 21.1 and 0.813 mg/L for growth rate and yield, respectively. The NOECs for growth rate were 0.476 and 0.352 based on nominal and geometric mean concentrations, respectively.
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