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EC number: 941-154-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- three-generation reproductive toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no effects to body weight were noted in the initial twelve weeks
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no effects to body weight were noted in the initial twelve weeks
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Test substance intake: no effects to average food consumption were noted in the initial twelve weeks
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 0.5%
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 0.5%
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F2
- Effect level:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 0.5%
- Key result
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- No significant effects on reproduction were observed at the highest concentration tested.
- Executive summary:
Na-LAS was fed for 84 days to 4 groups of weanling rats for two years (three generations). No significant effects were observed at the highest dose tested and the resulting NOAEL for the parental and both offspring generations was 350 mg/kg bw (0.5%)
Reference
Effect on fertility: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
Effect on fertility: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on fertility: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Toxicity to reproduction
This key study examined the effects of exposure to LAS (read across) on reproductive toxicity. LAS was given in the feed at doses of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5% (14, 70, and 350 mg/kg bw d) for 84 days to four groups of weanling rats and evaluated for two years (three generations). Each dose consisting of 50 animals each of both sexes (P0-generation). When the P0-generation was 107-112 days old, 20 females from each dose group were mated with 20 males from the same group and maintained together for 17 days. The first litters of each generation (Fla- and F2a-generation) were sacrificed at 21 days of age. Ten days after the final litter was sacrificed, all females were remated with different males from the same group to obtain the F1b-generation. From the Flb-generation, 20 males and females of each group were selected at weaning to continue their respective diets and to be used for further reproduction studies. Reproduction studies on the F1band F2b-generations were started when the rats were 80 to 85 days old, and were continued until the F3b-generation was weaned. All rats sacrificed at weaning were normal with respect to growth, organ to body weight ratios, gross pathology, and histology, and did not vary from controls. There were a number of statistically significant hematologic values, though these differences were small and did not indicate a trend or pattern. Overall, no significant effects were observed at the highest dose tested and the resulting NOAEL for the parental and both offspring generations was the highest dose tested, i.e., 350 mg/kg bw (0.5%).
Short description of key
information:
The potential for reproductive toxicity of LAS (read across) was
examined in a three generation study in rats (two years). Overall, no
significant effects were observed at the highest dose tested and the
resulting NOAEL for the parental and both offspring generations was the
highest dose tested, i.e., 350 mg LAS/kg bw (0.5%). Two additional long
term studies were undertaken to evaluate the potential developmental
effects of LAS. The developmental and teratogenic toxicity NOAELs were
300 mg/kg bw/d, which were either at or above the levels that resulted
in maternally toxic effects.
Effects on developmental toxicity
Description of key information
The potential for reproductive toxicity of LAS (read across) was examined in a three generation study in rats (two years).
Overall, no significant effects were observed at the highest dose tested and the resulting NOAEL for the parental and both offspring generations was the highest dose tested, i.e., 350 mg LAS/kg bw (0.5%). Two additional long term studies were undertaken to evaluate the potential developmental effects of LAS.
The developmental and teratogenic toxicity NOAELs were 300 mg/kg bw/d, which were either at or above the levels that resulted in maternally toxic effects.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:yes
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Parent animals were observed daily. Change in bodyweight was not affected by treatment at 0.2, 2.0, and 300 mg/kg, but treatment at 600 mg/kg was associated with retarded weight gain and a transient diarrhea following initiation of treatment. The pregnancy rate was comparable at all dosages. - Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 other: mg/kg
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal toxicity
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Embryonic and fetal development were assessed by the incidence of major malformations. The incidence of minor visceral anomalies was unaffected by treatment at any dosage. The distribution of skeletal variants were not statistically significant with the exception of a marginal retardation of sternebral ossification at 600 mg/kg. - Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 other: mg/kg
- Basis for effect level:
- other: teratogenicity
- Key result
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
- Key result
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- NOAEL = 300 mg/kg for both maternal and teratogenicity
- Executive summary:
Female rats were given LAS orally in distilled water from gestation days 6 to 15 during pregnancy. Some effects such as decreased weight gain and transient diarrhea occurred at the highest dose. Pregnancy rates were comparable at all doses. Litter parameters were not significantly affected at any dose. No significant differences were observed in visceral anomalies or skeletal variants, with the exception of a marginal retardation of sternabral ossification at the highest dose.
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:yes
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Among parent animals treatment at 300 and 600 mg/kg bw d was associated with increased mortality (35% and 90% respectively). At 300 mg/kg bw d weight gain was retarded only during the first four days. No assessment could be made at 600 mg/kg bw d, due to the high mortality rate. Necropsy revealed a ubiquitous occurrence of tympanites, sometimes associated with gastritis. Pregnancy rate was essentially comparable for all groups. - Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal toxicity
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
At doses with no maternal toxicity, no differences were observed among the dose group and the control group with respect to number of litters, viable young, litter weight, foetal weight, embryonic deaths, implantations and post implantation embryonic loss. At these doses the incidences of major malformations and minor abnormalities were not affected. At doses with maternal toxicity there was an increased foetal loss and reduced litter size due almost entirely to total litter loss, which was considered to be a secondary effect due to the maternal toxicity. The incidences of major malformations was not affected; minor skeletal or visceral anomalies were increased at 300 mg/kg. - Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Basis for effect level:
- other: teratogenicity
- Key result
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
- Key result
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Maternal NOAEL = 2 mg/kg bw/day; Teratogenicity NOAEL = 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Executive summary:
Pregnant female mice were exposed to LAS via gavage on days 6 -15 of gestation. Increased mortality was observed at the two highest doses (300 and 600 mg/kg bw/day). These doses also exhibited retarded weight gain and adverse signs in the necropsy. Pregnancy was comparable, however, for all groups. At doses without maternal toxicity, no differences were observed in any parameters. Because of the very wide range between the 2 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg doses, the maternal NOAEL of 2 mg/kg bw/day must be considered very conservative. The NOAEL for teratogenicity was 300 mg/kg bw/day.
Referenceopen allclose all
Pregnancy/litter data: The litter parameters assessed included litter size, fetal loss and litter weight. These parameters were not significantly affected by any dosage. Mean pup weights were statistically higher at 0.2, 2.0 and 300 mg/kg.
The maternal NOAEL of 2 mg/kg bw d is considered very conservative because the range (2-300 mg/kg bw d) was too wide, especially considering the repeated dose toxicity studies (section 7.5.1) which give much higher NOAEL values.
Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- mouse
Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Developmental toxicity
Two key studies examined the potential developmental toxicity of LAS (read across). In the first study, female rats were given LAS orally in distilled water from gestation days 6 to 15 during pregnancy. Doses were 0.2, 2.0, 300 and 600 mg/kg. Some effects such as decreased weight gain and transient diarrhea occurred at the highest dose. Pregnancy rates were comparable at all doses. The litter parameters assessed included litter size, fetal loss and litter weight. These parameters were not significantly affected by any dosage. Mean pup weights were statistically higher at 0.2, 2.0 and 300 mg/kg. No significant differences were observed in visceral anomalies or skeletal variants, with the exception of a marginal retardation of sternabral ossification at the highest dose. Based on these marginal effects the LOAEL is considered to be 600 mg/kg bw/d and the NOAEL is 300 mg/kg bw/d.
In the second study done in the same laboratory (Palmer et al. 1974), pregnant female mice were exposed to LAS via gavage on days 6 -15 of gestation. Two doses were chosen to form the basis for safety evaluation (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg/day) because the likely maximum human intake of detergent from ordinary kitchen use has been estimated at 0.14 mg/kg/day, thus providing factors of 1-10 times the human exposure level. Two further doses were also investigated (300 and 600 mg/kg/day) based on previous toxicity data suggesting that these would impair maternal survival and result in obvious adverse effects. Increased mortality (35 and 90%, respectively) was observed at these two highest doses. These doses also exhibited retarded weight gain and adverse signs in the necropsy. Based on these effects, the maternal LOAEL is 300 mg/kg and the maternal NOAEL is 2 mg/kg. Because of the very wide range between the 2 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg doses, the maternal NOAEL of 2 mg/kg bw/day must be considered very conservative. At the 300 mg/kg dose, the incidence of total liter loss was 20%; this was attributed to the high maternal toxicity observed at this dose. Among the nine animals with viable young, mean litter parameters, including litter size and foetal loss, and incidence of major malformations were not statistically different from controls. Minor anomalies, including gross or visceral and skeletal anomalies, were increased. At the 600 mg/kg dose, there were no live births. Based on these data, the developmental NOAEL was 300 mg/kg bw/day and the developmental LOAEL was 600 mg/kg bw/day.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Additional information
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