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EC number: 941-154-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Species:
- other: all 3
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 167 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 289 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Phaseolus aureus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 316 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 68 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 116 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Phaseolus aureus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 126 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Details on results:
- There was 91% emergence of sunflowers at all concentrations. Mung bean emergence was at least 84% at concentrations of 100 mg/kg AI or below. At 1000 mg/kg AI, emergence was only 75%. Seed emergence was 78-84% in sorghum for controls and all concentrations but the highest. At 1,000 mg/kg AI, emergence was only 69%. At the 1000 mg/kg AI concentration, sunflowers and mung beans barely emerged, and showed signs of dying. Sorghum shoots at this concentration were healthy but stunted. The low emergence in mung beans may be due to a cold spell early in the test.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for all three species is 100 mg/kg AI. The 21-day EC50 for sunflower was 289 mg/kg AI, for sorghum it was 167 mg/kg AI, and for mung bean it was 316 mg/kg AI.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance to three species of plant, sunflower, sorghum, and mung bean, was determined. Seeds of these three species were grown in soil containing concentrations of the test ingredient of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg active ingredient in dry soil. The emergence and growth of seedlings was monitored for 21 days. There was a decrease in emergence of all three species at the highest concentration, with some shoots barely emerging, and stunted and dying. The NOEC for all three species is 100 mg/kg AI. The 21-day EC50 for sunflower was 289 mg/kg AI, for sorghum it was 167 mg/kg AI, and for mung bean it was 316 mg/kg AI.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 86 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Sinapis alba
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Sinapis alba
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 641 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Details on results:
- There was a steep dose-response curve in all species.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg soil.
- Executive summary:
Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants. All three species showed a dose-related reduction in growth. The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg dw soil.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Malva pusilla
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 204 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum nigrum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 169 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Chenopodium album
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 164 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Amaranthus retroflexus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 142 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Nigella arvensis
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 133 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Galinsoga parviflora
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 164 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Malva pusilla
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum nigrum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 120 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Chenopodium album
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 120 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Amaranthus retroflexus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Nigella arvensis
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 52 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Galinsoga parviflora
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 55 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 14-day EC50 for various plant species ranged from 90-204 mg/kg dw.
- Executive summary:
Plants from seven different species, Malva pusilla, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Nigella arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, and Brassica rapa, were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg dw of LAS. Plants were exposed for 14 days, after which their weights were determined. The following EC50s were found:
Malva pusilla 204 mg/kg dw, Solanum nigrum 169 mg/kg dw, Chenopodium album 164 mg/kg dw, Amaranthus retroflexus 142 mg/kg dw, Nigella arvensis 133 mg/kg dw, Galinsoga parviflora 90 mg/kg dw, and Brassica rapa 164 mg/kg dw.
The following EC10s were found: Malva pusilla 110 mg/kg dw, Solanum nigrum 120 mg/kg dw, Chenopodium album 120 mg/kg dw, Amaranthus retroflexus 110 mg/kg dw, Nigella arvensis 52 mg/kg dw, Galinsoga parviflora 55 mg/kg dw, and Brassica rapa 86 mg/kg dw.
Referenceopen allclose all
Number (Percent) of Plants Emerged at Day 7
Species |
Control |
1 mg/kg |
10 mg/kg |
100 mg/kg |
1000 mg/kg |
Sorghum |
26 (81) |
27 (84) |
27 (84) |
25 (78) |
22 (69) |
Sunflower |
30 (94) |
32 (100) |
30 (94) |
32 (100) |
29 (91) |
Mung bean |
31 (97) |
27 (84) |
30 (94) |
27 (84) |
24 (75) |
Description of key information
As part of a complete assessment of terrestrial toxicity to the read across substance LAS, Jensen et al. (2007) summarized the available data on responses of non-crop and agricultural crop species.
EC10s ranged from 55-126 mg/kg soil and EC50s ranged from 90-316 mg/kg soil.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 55 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
As part of a complete assessment of terrestrial toxicity to the read across substance LAS, Jensen et al. (2007) summarized the available data on responses of non-crop and agricultural crop species. Growth was universally the most sensitive endpoint and in all the experiments, the read across substance LAS was added as an aqueous solution resulting in maximum bioavailability. Three blocks of studies were conducted on crop and non-crop plants. The first group of studies on crop plants by Windeat (1987) exposed sorghum, sunflower and mung bean to LAS at 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg soil. EC10s ranged from 68-126 mg/kg soil and EC50s ranged from 167-316 mg/kg soil. The second group of studies by Günther and Pestemer (1992) on oat and mustard species involved exposures from 0-10,000 mg/kg soil. The last group of studies, mostly on non crop species, by Marschner (1992) were derived from exposing plants up to 1000 mg/kg resulting in EC10 values that ranged from 55-120 mg/kg and EC50 values of 90-204 mg/kg.
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