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EC number: 207-975-3 | CAS number: 503-74-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
No valid data could be located regarding the short-term toxicity of isovaleric acid to fish.
To compensate for this lack of data, information resulting from valeric acid as supporting substance is used.
Supporting substance valeric acid: in a valid short-term toxicity fish test similar to OECD TG 203, the LC50 of valeric acid was determined to be 77 mg/L (Mattson, 1976).
As molecular weights of valeric acid and isovaleric acid are the same, the LC50 of 77 mg/L applies also for isovaleric acid.
Toxicity of valeric acid may be related to the lowered pH of test solutions (≤ 5.9)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 77 mg/L
Additional information
As valid data for isovaleric acid are not available, data for valeric acid and isobutyric acid as supporting substances will be used based on following reasons.
All three acids are closely related. The length of the carbons chain is the same or it differs only in one carbon atom. Physical and physico-chemical properties as well as chemical reactivity will be quite similar. Main structural feature is the carboxylic acid group, which will have a major impact on the effects of all three acids in aquatic systems. Thus, it is justified to use valeric acid as well as isobutyric acid as supporting substance in the evaluation of the short-term toxicity of isovaleric acid to fish.
Supporting substances
Four valid short-term toxicity tests to fish have been located. All four have minor shortcomings and are assigned a reliability of 2. All are considered suitable for assessment.
Valeric acid: 96-h LC50 for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) = 77 mg/L (Mattson, 1976)
Isobutyric acid: 96-h LC50 for golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) = 146.6 mg/L (BASF AG, 1989)
Isobutyric acid: 96-h LC50 for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) = 286 mg/L (Hoechst AG, 1979)
Isobutyric acid: 96-h LC50 for pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) = 435 mg/L (Hoechst AG, 1979)
For determination of the short term toxicity to fish and as key study, the test with the lowest LC50 value was selected.
Mattson, 1976
Valeric acid was tested on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in a 96-h static study. No specific guideline was reported, but documentation is sufficient to assign validity and adequate reliability. The test design is similar to OECD TG 203. An unspecified number of test concentrations and one control were set up. Two test chamber with 10 fish each was used per test concentration.
Based on nominal concentrations, the 96-h LC50 was 77 mg/L (Mattson, 1976).
Valeric acid: short-term toxicity to fish
As molecular weights of valeric acid and isovaleric acid are the same, the LC50 of 77 mg/L applies also for isovaleric acid.
Remark
Addition of neat carboxylic acids to dilution water results in a drop of pH in test solutions. Within the concentration range tested, pH values in test solutions were as low as 4.5 to 5. This is clearly outside the range given in the OECD TG 203 for good quality dilution water (pH 6 to 8.5).
Toxicity in these tests appear closely related to the low pH of the test solution as toxicity test with neutralized acids (pH in test solution adjusted to the pH of dilution water) yield much lower toxicity with LC50 values > 1000 mg/L (2-methylbutyric acid - Zok/Hoechst 1997; isobutyric acid - BASF 1989). Thus, it may be discussed if the toxicity observed in tests with straight acids represents the intrinsic long term toxicity of the test substance and not just a side effect of low pH.
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